Elusive Women Authors in Norwegian Nineteenth-Century Reading Societies

Abstract

Which women authors were read at the ebb of the nineteenth century and around the start of the twentieth? Research on historical readership groups reveals a strikingly different picture from the one transmitted through literary histories and textbooks. Empirical data from the catalogues of Norwegian reading societies from this period form the basis of the proposed conclusions. From a feminist, scholarly point of view, it is doubly interesting to investigate the fate of female authors among female readers; hence, the main emphasis is on the book collection of the women’s reading society based in Oslo from 1874. The collections of other societies, whether male or open to both sexes, are consulted for comparison. Although the material is Norwegian, the results turn out to be comparable to those seen in other countries, not least Finland. The data presented here serve to modify the received canon of European literary history, and to invite future revisions in the reception of female authorship and of women’s place in world literature.     

《永乐大典》所收《国朝忠传》为小说论

《国朝忠传》收录于《永乐大典》,编写于明初洪武年间 ,目的是为了应合朱元璋的政治需要 ,为文臣武将树立忠臣榜样。为了能够让文化水平较低的武臣听懂与阅读 ,编写者将历代忠臣的事迹都编构成生动的故事。故而 ,《国朝忠传》为一部“讲史”性质的小说     

先秦“道”论演变及对《黄帝内经》之影响

＂道＂观念经过先秦诸家尤其是道家老庄丰富发展,演变为中国古代哲学重要范畴。它所包含的宇宙万物之普遍规律、恍惚超越、顺道而有为等思想被《黄帝内经》直接汲取,并根据医学实际被赋予了更为丰富的内涵,成为指导中国传统医学认识人体生命活动、病理变化、诊疗之道、养生方法的思维规律,对中医学理论的形成和发展产生了巨大影响。     

论教会法中的诚信原则与其对民法诚信制度的贡献

民法诚信制度包括诚信原则的帝王条款地位与体现该原则的具体诚信制度,近现代民法的诚信制度虽有罗马法的渊源,但罗马法只是贡献了诚信概念与极其有限的诚信制度,中世纪教会法将违背诚信的行为评价为宗教罪过,通过教会法院的司法适用在侵权法、契约法与婚姻法等领域发展出大量的体现诚信原则的具体诚信制度,并将诚信上升为一般的法律原则,对近现代民法的诚信制度作出了重要贡献,近现代民法的诚信原则与体现该原则的大量的诚信制度有着更为深刻的中世纪教会法渊源。     

Between Chaos and Diversity: Is Social Memory Studies a Field?

Is (or are) memory studies, social or otherwise, a field? If so, does anything hold it together beyond the mere use of the phrase “collective memory”? Memory studies is simultaneously still in its charismatic phase, though it no longer has a right to be, as well as highly resistant to efforts to escape from it, though it clearly needs to do so. To be a field, it needs a memory of its own.     

西欧中世纪法制发展特点论析

西欧中世纪法制由日耳曼法、罗马法与教会法构成。日耳曼法在西欧中世纪早期占据统治地位，带有原始民主性；罗马法是古代调整简单商品经济关系的完善法，在中世纪得以复兴；教会法是天主教会制定和颁布的法规总称，对中世纪西欧社会影响巨大。三支性质不同的法律体系适应统治需要相互渗透与融合，成为西欧中世纪法发展的独具特点，也形成世俗法与宗教法独立并存的法律二元化格局     

论《易经》《黄帝内经》中扶阳思想

《周易》存在明显的阳主阴从、贵阳贱阴思想,但比《周易》更早的《归藏易》和《连山易》皆不主扶阳。《归藏易》是黄帝易,重阴、重地道,与《周易》崇阳、重天道的思想,形成鲜明的对比。黄老道家主张致虚守静、清净无为、谦退守柔的思想,正与《归藏易》的精神相符。《黄帝内经》的哲学思想源自《归藏易》,渊源于黄老道家,故《内经》中亦无明显的扶阳倾向。扶阳派学者所称引的《内经》扶阳思想相关条文,实无明显扶阳倾向。     

《黄帝内经》中"和"的思想探讨

“和”是中国传统文化中的一个重要概念，也是中医学的一个重要概念，义蕴丰富而深刻。探讨《黄帝内经》中天地和、天人和、志意和、五脏和、饮食和的含义和思想，及其与哲学中“和”的关系，对深入了解和研究《内经》中“和”的内容有重要意义。