论物证理化检验中的种属认定和同一认定

传统的观点认为物证理化检验只能进行种属认定。物证理化检验中的种属认定和同一认定仅仅是依据了不同层次的物证反映体所导致的来源(或个体)同一认定范围上的区别。随着科学技术的发展和人类认识世界能力的不断加强,物证理化检验一定可以实现从种属认定向同一认定的转化。必须坚持物证检验与案件性质和侦查过程相结合的方法,以促使物证理化检验中的种属认定转变为事实上的同一认定。     

论康德的普世伦理思想及其现实可能

本系统地考察与梳理了康德的普世伦理思想之主要范畴。认为，以先验理性和纯粹形式的原则建构起来的这一普世伦理体系有其天生的缺陷，即：实施原则之纯粹理性化不能保证其绝对的道德化，理性的虚拟物无法在现实中找到它的切入点，以满足现实生活对它的期望。其根源在于：以理性作为人的本质属性，忽视了人性的丰富内涵，把道德主体约化为单纯的理性主体。     

Calibrating the perceived strength of evidence of forensic testimony statements

Pattern comparison disciplines use categorical statements to express conclusions. We measured the strength of evidence for six different scales as perceived by members of the general public and fingerprint examiners. The statements came from different types of scales, and included categorical conclusions, likelihoods, strength of support statements, and random match probabilities. We used an online interface that required participants to first correctly sort the statements in a given conclusion scale, and then place each statement on a single evidence axis that ranged from most support imaginable for same source to most support imaginable for different sources. We analyzed the data using both the raw values and a Thurstone–Mosteller model based on ordinal values. We found systematic differences between examiners and members of the general public, such that examiners distinguished between Identification and Extremely Strong Support for Common Source, while members of the general public did not. Statements that included numerical values tended to be placed lower than categorical conclusions, and members of the general public tended to place the highest categorical conclusion in each scale at the very top of the evidence axis. The results suggest that laypersons can distinguish between statements meant to represent moderate vs strong evidence, but tend to place categorical conclusions above statements that involve numerical values.     

Disordered personalities at work

Current categorical classification systems of personality disorders (PDs) remain widely used amid growing evidence that argues against the conceptualisation of PDs as independent, discrete entities. Adopting the dimensional perspective of Morey et al. (Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 245–251, 1985), this study compared PD traits across forensic, psychiatric and “normal” senior business manager samples. There was particular interest in the relative representations of elements of PD closely associated with psychopathic PD because of research suggesting that some “psychopaths” operate within mainstream society, and links that have been made between elements of these so-called “successful” psychopaths, and characteristics associated with success in senior business management roles. The dimensional Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Scales for DSM III Personality Disorders (MMPI-PD) were shown to be internally consistent for the “normal” sample. Evidence for the qualitative equivalence of the four PD profiles emerged. The PD profile of the senior business manager sample was found to contain significant elements of PD, particularly those that have been referred to as the “emotional components” of psychopathic PD. The findings provide strong support for the continuous distribution of personality disordered traits.