迁徙自由入宪与户籍制度问题探讨

迁徙自由是公民的一项基本人权,为国际社会普遍确认。它在我国曾经明文载入宪法,但由于社会历史条件所限,以后未加以明确。在新的历史条件下,第四次修宪首次将"人权"概念引入宪法。明确规定:"国家尊重和保障人权",这为迁徙自由入宪提供了前提。在此背景下,应积极推进户籍制度改革,以充分实现身份平等和迁徙自由。     

关于加强违宪审查机制的理论思考

中国社会的现实发展和一些重大案件引起了中国体制内司法专家有关违宪审查的请求 ,这是法治进程中的一个转折点。考察现代司法审查制度的理论依据与发展经验 ,包括美国违宪审查制度的发展 ,可为我们提供重要的借鉴。中国违宪审查制度有必要坚定不移地推进制度化、程序化和司法化 ,这是维护宪法权威的必由之路。     

走下确定性“神坛”的专利权

随着专利保护范围的扩展,专利的不确定性越来越成为学者关注的焦点。分析不确定性所带来的各种经济影响及专利制度改革的可能方向,可为未来的专利系统改革指出一些可行的方向。     

Jewish household structure in an early modern town: The Worms ghetto census of 1610

In July 1610, municipal officials of the German city of Worms conducted a visitation of the city's Jewish ghetto. The visitation resulted in a remarkably precise census of this Jewish community, which was one of the largest in early modern Germany. In 1610, the Jewish community of Worms had a total of 759 inhabitants living in 95 households plus some additional indigents living in communal institutions. A total of 619 of those living in households (81.6%) belonged to the householders' own families while 140 (18.4%) were students, servants, or other nonrelatives. Households ranged in size from 1 to 21 inhabitants. The median household size was seven persons. One-third of the Jewish households of Worms included more than one conjugal unit, typically the householding couple plus one or more married children.     

Comparing village characteristics derived from rapid appraisals and household surveys: A tale from northern Mali.

This paper investigates whether inferences drawn about a population are sensitive to the manner by which those data are obtained. It compares information obtained using participatory appraisal techniques with a survey of households randomly drawn from a locally administered census that had been carefully revised. The community map tends to include households that do not, in fact, reside in the enumerated locality. By contrast, the revised official census is slightly more likely to exclude households who actually lived in the surveyed area. Controlling for the survey technique, we find that the revised official census produces higher estimates of average household size and wealth but lower estimates of total village size or wealth, than the community map. Pairwise comparison of the survey techniques, holding the households constant, shows that the community map leads, on average, to higher estimates of household size and lower estimates of wealth.     

从人口普查看20世纪上半叶马来亚华人妇女经济参与的变化

20世纪以来,随着马来亚经济发展,华人妇女经济参与日益扩大,尤其在30、40年代,马来亚华人妇女劳动力进入所有行业,她们的职业领域也在拓展。这一时期影响华人妇女劳动力行业分布和职业分布的主要因素是1929——1933年经济危机所引起的移民政策变化和华人产业结构调整,以及女子教育的发展和社会性别模式。     

Early Danish census taking

Census taking in its modern form started in Denmark in 1769, and the next two censuses were taken in 1787 and 1801. Problems that arose during the implementation and tabulation of the first census demonstrate the difficulties in establishing an efficient administration of population statistics from scratch. By trial and error during the course of the first three censuses, the administration learned how to carry out and tabulate a census so that by 1801 census taking had reached a form that could be used for the rest of the 19th century with only minor changes and additions.     

从基尼系数看户政制度

户政制度作为行政管理法律制度,应建立于经济基础之上,符合法学理论原则。本文以马克思主义经济基础与上层建筑关系理论为指导,运用法学理论知识和经济分析指数,从生产关系的三个方面——所有制、劳动关系以及分配制度考察了我国的户政制度。     

我国现行户籍管理制度的弊端及其对策

我国现行户籍管理制度的弊端是:造成城乡居民事实上的不平等;阻碍人力资源的优化配置;推迟城市化的进程;无法提供准确的人口信息;影响经济快速持续地发展。实现城乡户口一体化、恢复公民自由迁徙权、改革传统的户口管理方式,将对发展和完善我国社会主义户籍管理制度产生深远影响。     

From parish register to the “historical table”: The Prussian population statistics in the 17th and 18th centuries

This overview deals with the development of population statistics in Germany and Prussia, where different streams and trends in the field of statistics can be observed until the end of the 18th century: (1) the so-called university statistics (Staatenkunde); (2) political arithmetic; (3) table statistics; (4) “German Kameralia;” and (5) Prussian financial science. The most important sources for historical demographic research are the parish registers. In Germany, they start in the early or high Middle Ages as baptismal lists. In Prussia in the 16th century, parish registers consisted of entries and items of baptisms (births), marriages, and funerals (deaths). Based upon these parish registers at the end of 17th century in the Brandenburg Electorate, population lists were set up as registers or tables of population movement, as “general registers of the born, the married, the deceased, and the communicants.” Physicians and such Prussian medical authorities as the Collegium medicum and the Collegium sanitatis collected data about the causes of death and the longevity of human life (people more than 90 years old). In the course of 120 years during the 17th and 18th centuries, about 350,000 immigrants came to Brandenburg-Prussia. The Prussians developed excellent migration and census statistics in the form of historical tables. From the founding of the Prussian Office of Statistics in 1805 until its reorganization in 1809–1810, historical tables were set up using population statistics.