超越“Trade off”——对公平与效率的几点新思考

目前对于公平和效率问题的讨论 ,已经陷入了一种困境。其原因是多方面的 ,且这种困境将继续下去。在简要回顾了已有理论的基础上 ,本文着重提出了关于公平效率问题讨论的直角坐标系图法 ,构建了度量社会公平程度的社会公平系数 ,衡量社会在公平和效率上存在问题的社会总体问题指数 ,以及衡量不同政策、不同国家、地区、社会等公平和效率达致程度并使之能够相互比较的社会公平效率总体效应指数。     

信用:企业文化建设亟待解决的一个重要课题

企业信用不仅仅是道德和法律的问题 ,更涉及到信用体制的构建和操作问题 ,涉及到信用文化的建设问题。而要推进企业信用文化建设 ,必须德、法、机制并举 ,企业、政府、社会齐心协力 ,三管齐下。企业要本着提高职工思想道德素质的目标 ,进行切实的诚信教育 ;政府应该在构建信用政府的基础上 ,为企业信用文化建设创造良好的外在环境 ;社会应充分发挥舆论监督的作用 ,并致力于形成防范信用风险的机制 ,为企业和整个社会的信用文化建设做出积极贡献。     

The Gambling Act 2005: Regulatory Containment and Market Control

The Act marks a fundamental shift from legislative to market control of gambling. While plans for Las Vegas style casinos and internet gambling sites in Britain have suffered setbacks, restrictions on the availability, advertising and stimulation of demand for gambling, enshrined in the Gaming Act 1968, have been abandoned. In their place, a new regulatory body, the Gambling Commission, has been established to take primary responsibility for ensuring that three licensing objectives are promoted. These objectives are the prevention of crime and disorder, the conduct of gambling in a fair and open way and the protection of children and the vulnerable. The Commission has been given strong and wide ranging powers to regulate gambling, but can the safeguards proposed meet the challenge presented by a gambling industry released from restraints?     

WHERE IS THE VILLAGE GOING? MAINTAINING AND INCLUDING CULTURAL STRENGTHS TO PROTECT CHILDREN ORPHANED IN KENYA

This article is the result of a master's thesis about children and their universal right to be included in a family environment. This is not only protected under international law, but also intuitive to human beings. HIV‐AIDS continues to threaten lives of children, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa in the form of orphaning. Looking at a case study from Kenya, it is revealed that, while legal protection is yet to be fully realized in the state, strong cultural norms of value are alive. Currently, the extended family system is the greatest protection to children orphaned or at risk of being orphaned. However, this system was made invisible in the domestic laws of Kenya under the Children Act 2001. This neglect calls for questions not only regarding the protection cultural norms may offer, according to the best interests of children, but also as to the cultural environment being created with the new law.     

体制与人的素质

我国现实社会中存在一些突出问题,体制的缺陷是出现这些具有普遍性社会问题的根本原因。一个国家成立或独立初期,或处于重大转型时期,以民主政治为基础的体制建设,是领袖人物的头等大事,与制定未来发展规划和建设一些重大项目相比,要重要得多。     

儿童证人问题的心理学分析

在心理认知科学发展的背景下,对儿童作证主体之适格性问题的争论已经转变为对儿童证言的可靠性的判断。儿童证人由于其生理和心理的特点决定了其记忆信息的编码、贮存、和提取方面存在着不足,但不能因此否认儿童作证的适格性。相反,应根据儿童的身心特点,制订出相应可行的实践操作原则以提高儿童证人证言的可靠性。     

我国法官制度变革思路之检讨

实现法官制度的现代化是中国法制现代化的必然要求。目前我国的法官制度改革尚存在一定不足 ,如渐进式的改革思路无法从根本上解决问题 ;法官等级化思维模式及外延性改革思路不利于建设高素质的法官队伍等。今后法官制度变革应该走出传统的思维模式 ,实现法官体制的创新     

儿童对警察权威认知的研究

实验表明儿童对警察的权威身份具有很高的认知程度,警察的权威身份会对被询问儿童产生不利影响。询问中儿童法定代理人在场,法定代理人的衩威可以对警察的权威起到制约作用,从而提高询问结果的准确性。