分界·分层·分流·分类——我国民事诉讼制度转型的基本思路

我国民事诉讼制度改革的基本目标和总体方向仍然应当是司法现代化和司法专业化,完成从“前现代”向“现代化”的转型。然而,这种转型不是采取任何单一的价值取向或矫枉过正措施,而是要以社会分工的专业化程度为标志实现社会进化,通过精密的分流装置,体现权限分界、职能分层、案件分流、程序分类的基本思路,从而在价值冲突中系统地重构我国现代化的民事诉讼程序。     

基于SVM的汉语评论情感分类方法研究

情感分类是一项具有较大实用价值的分类技术．它可以对网上纷繁复杂的信息进行情感倾向标注．为用户提供一个简洁的总结信息，进而为人们制定决策提供帮助，然而目前针对汉语的情感分类开展的工作并不多。提出一种基于SVM机器学习的情感分类方法，并引入基于2-POS模型的句子主观性分析方法，利用SVM进行机器学习，实现汉语评论的情感分类。实验表明这种方法能够有效地判定评论信息的情感倾向。     

柬埔寨民间故事的分类及特点

柬埔寨民间故事内容丰富、数量庞大、种类繁多,是柬埔寨历史中耀眼的瑰宝。本文从对柬埔寨民间故事的起源、分类开始阐述,通过对柬埔寨著名民间故事的罗列、归纳,简析了柬埔寨民间故事的特点。     

重构民事诉讼证明责任—对“法律要件分类说”的反思性检讨

以法律要件分类说为典型的古典证明责任的立足点在于实体法法律规范性质的分析,该理论自提出以来历经德、日民事法学人的沉淀洗练,曾成为学界的通说。但是,法律要件分类说不但在规范分类、间接反证、主观举证责任分类标准等问题上难以理清各种理论纷争,而且其对于动态诉讼过程中当事人举证责任的转换以及与证明标准的关系缺乏必要的关注,也难以与现代民事诉讼的辩论主义、争点整理程序相协调。我国民事证明责任改革应当从"法律要件分类说"的迷思中走出,以"阶段的举证责任论"来重新构建我国的民事证明责任。     

“偷”与林权——以赣南某村落林权状况调查为例

本文对发生在赣南一村落林权改革以来的偷山上树木和毛竹现象相关方面的进行了深度剖析,对2003年的国家的林业改革在村民看来并没有进行本质上的改革,只是发了个"本本",的原因进行分析,指出其原因有四个,分别是基层相关部门的不作为、"靠山吃山"的理由、国家与林农对待山场的两个矛盾以及国家抽象的法律法规没有转化成地方性知识。并进一步说明村民自身对物的一套归类方式。这种归类方式,实际上是一个界线的问题,它不但是对物的一个分类,同时也是对人、对整个世界的一个分类,而这个分类,成为了影响村民生活的直接原因。     

我国刑事诉讼中不起诉率问题研究——兼与德国的比较

比较中、德两国检察机关不起诉率数据并研究相关资料,发现我国刑事诉讼的不起诉率呈现出一种不太正常的低迷状态。其原因主要在审查起诉的理念设计、案件划分理念以及不起诉制约程序和政策走向等方面。中国刑事诉讼的低不起诉率存在问题,应当转变观念,使每一个不起诉决定的做出都是建立在对案件事实分析的基础上的,使不起诉制度可以真正建筑于人权保障的基石之上。但是,也应当看到,中国不起诉率如此之低并不意味着我们就必须刻意将其推到一定高度。     

Automated detection and classification of counterfeit banknotes using quantitative features captured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Counterfeiting of banknotes is still a severe crime problem in many countries. One of the most significant issue for solving the crime is to classify the counterfeit types and identify the sources. Most of the current methods to classify counterfeit banknotes rely on manual examination that is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Moreover, these methods only detect surface features which can be easily imitated through advanced printing technology. In this study, an automated method based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and machine-learning algorithms was proposed to classify different types of banknotes based on the internal features. A spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) system was employed for sub-surface imaging and quantitative assessment of banknotes. A total of 29 Chinese 100-Yuan banknotes were collected, in which 4 of them were real and 25 of them were counterfeiting by three different printing processes. Each banknote was imaged 10 times in 3 distinct regions, which resulted in a dataset of 290 samples. Each sample was characterized by extracting 2 A-scan (OCT signal intensity along depth) based features and 14B-scan (cross-sectional OCT images) based features. Several machine-learning models, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and random forest (RF), were built and optimized as the classifiers that were trained using 203 samples and applied to predict 87 testing samples. The best performance was achieved by SVM classifier in which the sensitivity of 96.55% and specificity of 98.85% were obtained in discriminating between authentic and counterfeit banknotes, and the sensitivity of 94.67% and specificity of 98.22% were obtained in predicting the types of counterfeit banknotes. These classifiers were also evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where A-scan and B-scan derived features from OCT images have been used for the detection and classification of different types of counterfeit banknotes.     

电子资料真实性审查判断规则之构建

在提出一种电子资料学理分类方法——证明机制分类法(将电子资料分为电子文书、音像资料、系统记录三个大类)的基础上,结合相关电子技术的发展现状与未米的完善措施,分别深入探析了三类电子资料真实性审查判断的基本思路和方法,并构建了相应的具有可操作性的规则。     

A RANDOMIZED EXPERIMENT TESTING INMATE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS*

Research Summary: In California, incarceration in the state prison system is in part organized by security level. The higher the security level, the more restrictive the setting. Upon arrival at a reception center, new inmates are scored within a classification system that is used to determine the appropriate level of security. In this paper, we report on the development and testing of a new inmate classification scoring system. Over 20,000 inmates took part in a randomized experiment in which half were assigned to their housing using the existing scoring system and half were assigned to their housing using the new scoring system. There were two key outcomes: (1) potential mismatches between the number of inmates assigned to different security levels and the available beds and (2) reports of inmate misconduct. Policy Implications: We conclude there to be some potential crowding problems, but that the new scoring system is much better than the old scoring system in sorting inmates by the likelihood of misconduct. We also conclude that some predictors popular in the past are no longer effective (e.g., marital status), while some new predictors are extremely powerful (e.g., gang activity), and that one can build in a number of mandatory housing placements (e.g., for sex offenders) and not degrade the overall effectiveness of the new classification system. Finally, the new classification system is shown to be more user‐friendly than the existing classification system and well received by the staff responsible for implementing it.     

关于图书复本归类的探讨

复本归类是分类编目过程中的疑难问题,复本归类的准确与否,直接影响图书馆的文献利用率,有必要对其分析探讨。