浅论罚金刑缓刑适用

近年来,随着罚金刑的广泛适用,许多学者对罚金刑存在的缺陷提出了许多质疑和完善的建议,其中包括罚金刑缓刑适用的建议。针对罚金刑缓刑在理论上的肯定论与否定论之争,借鉴国外刑法的有关规定,从缓刑适用的价值出发,主张罚金刑不宜适用缓刑。     

破产免责制度的理性思考

破产免责制度最早产生于英国,各国的破产免责制度均是针对自然人而言。我国现行破产法律制度只适用于企业法人,在这种立法体例下,自然不存在破产免责问题。随着社会的发展,应当借鉴国外先进立法经验,确立自然人破产制度,构建适合我国国情的破产免责制度。     

日本以信息公开诉讼反腐败的经验及其法治意义

日本于1980年代中期，开始出现了一种新型行政诉讼案件，即交际费、食粮费信息公开诉讼，其历时久，影响大，不仅制止公款消费效果明显，而且推进了行政程序法、信息公开法等重要法律的制定，为实现日本行政法制由近代法治到现代法治的升级换代作出了特殊贡献，对发展我国的信息公开与反腐倡廉制度具有借鉴意义。     

论违约行使土地使用权的法律后果——以私法规范在行政管理中的应用为视角

按规定用途、规划条件及动工期限利用土地，并非根源于土地使用权出让合同的私法义务，而实质上是土地使用权人所负公法义务进入私法领域后的一种变脸。因此，不能纯粹以私法思维解释违约行使土地使用权的法律后果。当土地使用者违约行使权利时，土地行政管理部门应责令限期改正，并视违约或违法情况，采取必要的行政强制措施，并可施以罚款。如果穷尽适当的行政强制措施或行政处罚仍不能制止违法用地行为，土地行政管理部门可以私法方式解除出让合同，终止土地使用权，并要求土地使用者支付惩罚性违约金或赔偿金。     

试论乡镇机构改革的保障：依法行政（定编）及税费改革

新一轮乡镇机构改革,必须以依法行政(定编)作为根本保障,并以税费改革作为重要保障,从而才能真正实现乡镇政府职能的转变和富余人员的成功分流。     

刑法因果关系之判断——兼论司法实践中的操作

我国刑法因果关系理论应当摆脱必然与偶然之争,借鉴国外因果关系的判断理论丰富我国的研究并为司法实践服务。以条件关系为基础判断事实因果关系,以相当因果关系说为基础评价法律因果关系,以客观归属论为借鉴为相当性提供明确的标准。     

Empirical validation of a family-member prioritization approach to maximize statistical power in missing person cases

In order to prioritize the exhumation of the most informative reference relatives to increase the statistical power of a reference group, a conditional simulation approach for missing person identification that combines both exclusion and inclusion power in reference families has been previously developed. The aim of this study is to empirically validate this approach by comparing its predicted theoretical prioritization model with the observed changes in statistical power in real cases of our laboratory, in which new relatives had already been added. We conclude that this approach is a reliable tool to choose the most appropriate reference relatives to complete a family group and improve the identification power of a Missing Person (MP).     

非婚生育社会抚养费征收范围之界定

实践中对于非婚生育是否应当征收社会抚养费存在争议,而争议的背后是社会伦理道德、规范解读和理论适用等多方面因素共同作用的结果。非婚生育社会抚养费在行政收费原理下应围绕国家主体以概括量化的数字形式确定范围,避免婚姻状态对费用征收范围界定产生的影响。同时,在规范视角下,法律规定的“国家提倡一对夫妻生育两个子女”属于强制性义务,但不宜解读为禁止非婚生育行为。婚生与非婚生育本质上同属于生育行为,在同一体系内应当保证费用征收的同一性。因此,必须基于理论和规范的分析,方可界定非婚生育社会抚养费征收范围。     

Freedom in paradise: quality of conditional release reports submitted to the Hawaii judiciary

Annually thousands of insanity acquitees are released from mental hospitals when they are no longer determined to be dangerous. This research examined quality of post-acquittal Conditional Release (CR) reports submitted to the Hawaii Judiciary. Hawaii utilizes a “three panel” system for assessing trial felony competency, criminal responsibility, and conditional release, where typically two psychologists (one Department of Health and one community-based) and one community-based psychiatrist submit independent reports to the Court. One hundred fifty CR reports were rated using a 44-item report quality measure. Interrater reliability trials indicated good to excellent agreement between quality ratings. Overall level of report quality was poor regardless of examiners' professional discipline, employer, or board certification status. Concordance rates for CR opinions were poor. Level of agreement between the judicial determination and majority recommendations was also poor. Reasons for the poor quality and level of agreement are discussed with recommendations for report quality improvement, including standardization of procedures and use of forensic risk assessment instruments.