移民、血缘与信仰变迁——以台湾客家巫氏为例

巫罗俊是闽西客家巫氏的先祖,在巫氏族人祠堂中,他比较罕见地以塑像的形式为后人祀奉;而他带领当地民众开基立业的壮举,更使得其由"祖"而"神",升格为宁化县的土地神。清中叶闽(粤)客家巫氏族人大量移民台湾,他们数典不忘祖,皆铭记巫罗俊为始祖,并慎终追远,直至今日仍坚持定期到宁化巫氏公祠赡拜祖先,表现出血缘关系的承传和延续。在迁台过程中,巫罗俊崇拜在台湾也由"人"升格为"神",演变为王爷信仰这一颇具地方色彩的神明角色,它提醒我们要注意福建民间信仰在台湾自然、人文环境下所产生的调适与衍变,只有正视这种差异性才能更好地为我们论证闽台文化同一性树立科学论说。     

Genetic peopling of Pakistan: Influence of consanguinity on population structure and forensic evaluation of traces

Pakistan is one of the most consanguineous country in the world [1] where the cousin marriages account for more than half of the total unions. To investigate the genetic evidence of consanguinity in Pakistani populations, 1020 samples were collected from the volunteers belonging to four different populations. The magnitude of the effect of population structure and consanguinity on the calculation of likelihood ratios were also explored.     

Heterozygosity reduction in children whose parents are closely related

In this study, the impact of consanguineous marriage and inbreeding on heterozygosity was evaluated by comparing levels of heterozygosity in children of closely related parents with those of unrelated parents. Compared to the average expected heterozygosity, the average observed heterozygosity was lower in the children with first-cousin parents. This was not the case in the children with unrelated parents, where an increase in the average observed heterozygosity was noted. Differences in the average heterozygosity between parents-children also observed between related and unrelated parents. First-cousin parents had higher average heterozygosity than the children compared to the unrelated parents where the average heterozygosity was lower than the children. Further investigation with bigger sample size and different populations will provide better understanding, however this study showed that a careful approach should be taken when dealing with parentage testing involving closely related parents.     

论昆明犬的血缘与作用

昆明犬的育成 ,是在云南这种特殊地域环境、立体气候环境、人文环境下通过科学方法养育进化成的。昆明犬对各种气候环境适应性强 ,骨骼构成使之奔驰力持久 ,抵御自然灾害和抗病能力超强和耐粗饲料喂养等特点。昆明犬自 1988年通过鉴定 ,获得国家科技进步二等奖以来 ,足迹遍布大江南北 ,在公安刑侦工作中有一大批昆明犬屡立战功 ,同时 ,昆明犬在各重要企业和要害部门的保卫工作中也功不可没     

Is he or is he not the father?: Pros,Cons effect of following standardized interpretations

Parentage studies in the Lebanese population, which has consanguineous marriage rates ranging from 32% up to 44% and endogamy average of 82%, could be prone to high levels of uncertainty since individuals involved in the parentage dispute may share alleles more than in random mating. Consequently, falsely alleged parents are less likely to exhibit allele mismatches with the child's genotype, in particular when the investigations is conducted in limited conditions such as Duo families and using low STR markers profile sizes. In the present study, ten informative paternity cases showing one mismatch were reevaluated. Different profiles (SGM, Identifiler, PP16HS or ESI 17 kits as well as 24 STR marker combination profile) were used throughout. Also, Duo cases were simulated out of the Trio cases. In several Duo cases, results shifted from non-parenthood to positive parentage conclusions when increasing STR markers from 12 to 16 and/or 24. However, no significant difference in the paternity conclusions could be observed for Trio families when using different profile sizes unless when using the SGM profile. When simulating Duo cases from Trio ones, compromising results were obtained under SGM, Identifiler, PP16HS and/or ESI 17 markers. All compromising cases were resolved under 24 markers. In conclusion, due to the effect of consanguinity and endogamy on the Lebanese population, we recommend the use of 24 STR markers DNA profile for any DNA interpretation, especially when accepting Duo cases requests.     

Population genetic data for 17 non-CODIS STR loci for the Saudi Arabian population using the SureID®23comp Human Identification Kit

Our previous work focused on validation the SureID 23comp Human Identification Kit (Health Gene Technologies, China), following the minimum criteria for validation recommended by the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) and the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) using 500 samples from the population of Saudi Arabia. The kit genotypes 22 STRs, 17 of which are non-CODIS, and Amelogenin. The validation tests showed that it has the potential to increase the power of testing in complex cases.In this paper, the allele frequency data, common forensic parameters for the 17 non-CODIS STR loci are presented. We found the majority of loci had an excess of homozygosity in the data set, which is most likely explained by the relatively high levels of consanguinity in the population of Saudi Arabia.