WTO争端解决机制下私人诉权之审视

WTO争端解决机制下私人诉权的制度模式从学理角度可分为私人直接诉权与私人间接诉权两种。前者包括狭义的私人直接诉权与WTO协议直接适用;后者的行使方式包括以传统外交保护为理论基础的国家诉权制度与作为国内行政调查程序的对外贸易壁垒调查制度。私人直接诉权模式不仅在理论上尚有争议,而且是很难付诸实践的。只有在坚持国家诉权的基础上,构建对外贸易壁垒调查制度,为私人间接诉权提供行政程序性制度保障,才是当前包括中国在内的WTO各成员方的最佳选择。     

Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Young French Male Prisoners

While forensic studies have reported higher than community rates of mental disorders in imprisoned populations, few studies have focused on attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in these subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate ADHD prevalence among young French male prisoners. A specific diagnostic interview (Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM‐IV, CAADID) was used. Correlations between ADHD, subsyndromal ADHD, and criminal features were investigated. 11% of young male prisoners among 93 male subjects aged 18–35 years met the criteria for actual ADHD, and 17% met those for childhood ADHD. Considering ADHD and subsyndromal ADHD, prevalence was about 43% in adulthood. ADHD and subsyndromal ADHD in adulthood were significantly associated with a higher number of imprisonments and a younger age at first arrest. It could be advisable to better identify subjects with ADHD symptoms among prison populations.     

WTO的争端解决机制与中国的应对措施

中国已经成为世界贸易组织的成员国,为了更好地融入这个多边贸易体制,我国应该积极地参与争端解决。本文旨在探讨世界贸易组织的争端解决机制以及我国应对争端解决机制的基本措施。     

Self-reported versus diagnosed paraphilias in outpatient sexual offenders

Literature has repeatedly reaffirmed sexual deviance as a risk factor for sexual recidivism, making it an important subject to examine. Yet, not all studies confirm the relevance of sexual deviance and there is a lack of consensus regarding the assessment of it. In the current study, 499 Dutch adult male subjects, admitted for sexual misconduct (possession of child abuse material, child molestation and other types of inappropriate sexual behaviour) to an outpatient forensic treatment facility, were compared regarding sexual paraphilias using self-reports from clients and official DSM-IV-TR diagnoses assessed by professionals. Analyses revealed a relatively low similarity between self-reports and diagnoses, self-reports generating considerably more information. Furthermore, correlating the paraphilias revealed paedophilia associated minimally with the other paraphilias. Lastly, the different types of offenders varied significantly in number of self-reported and diagnosed paraphilias, with the miscellaneous group presenting the most. Considering these outcomes may help assessment and target treatment goals in forensic psychiatry.     

The Diagnostic Frame in National Security Evaluations

In clinical and most forensic evaluations, “diagnosis” connotes the expectation of a DSM‐5 or ICD‐10 formally labeled mental condition. When the task is to evaluate the security risk a person's psychological makeup presents to an institution, such a molar diagnosis can blind the clinician and elevate the risk to a security agency. When “diagnosis” connotes achieving an understanding of a person's behavior that has raised security concerns, then a different conceptualization of the diagnostic process is required. Unlike the clinical situation, the evaluation is not being performed to benefit the person but for the purpose of assessing risk to an agency. The differences this introduces involve every aspect of the evaluation and changes the type of diagnosis expected. Not appreciating these differences can cause the clinician to fail in the task of assessing psychological tendencies that affect national security.     

WTO与NAFTA争端解决机制之差异性比较研究——兼论对CAFTA争端解决机制的借鉴意义

WTO争端解决机制和NAFTA争端解决机制分别代表了当今国际经济组织两种风格迥异且又颇具典型意义的争端解决机制,二者之间主要区别表现在争端解决机制内部构成、争端解决主体范围、法律解决方法以及执行机制等方面,对两种机制的差异性进行比较研究有助于我们认识它们各自的特点和优劣,可以为CAFTA争端解决机制的完善提供有益的参考和借鉴.     

论CAFTA争端解决机制的完善

若以中国——东盟自由贸易区(CAFTA)的自身需求为依托,可以发现学界所认为的其存在的"缺陷"中有许多并非真正缺陷,如未将运用争端解决机制的主体扩展到私主体、临时仲裁庭的设计不合理、争端解决机制的执行力度及惩罚措施不适当等。而该争端解决机制在仲裁员回避、仲裁裁决形成方式及仲裁裁决的复核等方面确实存在不足,应当予以完善。     

欧盟版权指令第15条之评价与反思:以超链接规制为视角

欧盟现有法律对于超链接的侵权管制过于严格,这种做法没有平衡公共利益和著作权人的利益,造成了对著作权的过度保护.虽然最终通过的《数字化单一市场著作权指令》第15条规定新闻出版媒体的邻接权规则不适用于超链接行为,但是这并未从根本上解决对超链接的著作权规制过严问题.为了促进互联网上信息的自由流通以及用户的表达自由,法官应当对超链接提供者与网络平台的侵权责任进行区分,并且仅在超链接导致侵权结果时对链接提供者进行追责.