Observer determination of the make,model, and year of questioned vehicles

Often, criminal acts involving a vehicle are caught on digital video surveillance systems. While potentially useful for an investigation, the recording conditions are typically less than optimal for the extraction of key information for the identification of the perpetrator, such as a license plate. Providing the make, model and year of a questioned vehicle is a common request for examiners, to narrow the field of potential suspect vehicles. This study seeks to compare the performance of a nonpeer-reviewed make, model, and year determination between two separate groups, specifically, trained forensic image examiners and nontrained individuals. Results show that even with varied image capture conditions and quality, the trained forensic image examiners more correctly and completely identified the test group of questioned vehicles make, model, and year.     

Forensic Application of Analytical Mechanics in Fatal Fall From a Height

Fatal fall from a height initiated with a swinging motion on the sagittal plane of the victim's body is examined. Method of analytical mechanics is adopted to establish the functional relations between the swinging angle of the body and the force needed to sustain the body until release, and the amount of the horizontal displacement that would occur after release. The analysis is applied to support an expert opinion presented in a criminal court in which two accused were convicted of murder for dropping a female victim from a bridge. The results indicate that it is unlikely for the body to locate as recorded by the police investigation report in the case. This study demonstrates that a straightforward mechanical analysis can be utilized to examine uncommon falling scenarios.     

人民币国际化背景下汇率对工业行业就业的影响——基于跨境贸易结算的影响因素视角

将跨境贸易人民币结算比重引入劳动力市场动态均衡模型,推导出汇率影响就业的全新路径,并利用2000-2018年中国工业行业面板数据进行实证分析。研究发现:通过进出口产品结构贸易路径,汇率对行业总体就业的正向影响最显著,其次是经由汇率变动预期路径,而汇率通过净出口指数路径对就业的负向影响较微弱。人民币汇率对不同行业就业的影响产生差异的根源是不同行业进出口产品结构及产品异质性的差距导致在汇率变动的不同情形下,行业间跨境贸易人民币结算的水平不同,从而造成外贸企业对劳动力的需求具有差异。并且,技术特征及贸易来源地特征是造成行业间就业水平差异的显著因素。     

Assessing the Performance of the Price Cap Plan for Local Exchange Carriers in the United States

In 1991 the FCC implemented a price cap plan for local exchange carriers' interstate access service designed to deal with the regulatory boundaries problem arising from the breakup of AT&T in 1984. The experience with the price cap plan demonstrates the difficulty of predicting productivity growth accurately and makes clear that regulators cannot depend upon a pure price cap plan to keep prices within a reasonable range of costs. With periodic reviews to readjust plan parameters, however, a price cap plan can maintain the rate-of-return close to the target rate-of-return without diminishing the price cap plan's incentives for efficient production. A simple method of recalculating the X-factor based on the rate-of-return over the previous three years worked well in simulations. If this procedure had been used over the price cap period 1991 to 2000, prices would have been 20 percent lower and expenditures on LECs' telecommunications service subject to a price cap would have been $3.8 billion lower.     

论建立我国非法证据排除规则

在刑事诉讼过程中如何取舍和运用刑事非法证据 ,涉及到非法证据的效力问题。两大法系中很多国家建立了非法证据排除规则。我国立法对于非法证据效力的态度不甚明确 ,因此必须完善有关立法 ,制定配套制度 ,建立我国的非法证据排除规则     

Prosecuting Domestic Violence without Victim Participation

This article explores the evidential challenges victim withdrawal presents in domestic violence cases. More specifically it examines innovative measures taken in the United States to overcome problems of proof typically associated with domestic violence prosecutions. These evidentiary initiatives have facilitated a shift towards so–called 'victimless' prosecution in the context of domestic violence which dispenses with victim participation. Drawing upon a 'freedom model' of criminal justice, this article examines whether recent developments in the United States might be emulated as a means of addressing the high rate of attrition in domestic violence cases in England and Wales.     

证据收集制度

我国在强调当事人举证责任的同时 ,对当事人收集证据的权利缺乏充分、有效的保障。本文在分析两大法系证据收集制度差异及其成因的基础上 ,对我国证据收集程序的运作方式、证据提供义务的范围及违反证据提供义务的制裁措施提出了自己的看法     

国际法框架下的人民币汇率制度选择

近年来,人民币汇率及汇率制度选择问题成为国际经济中的持续热点问题之一。随着入世过渡期的结束,中国经济已经日益融入世界经济体系,人民币汇率及汇率制度问题已经成为中国经济发展中必须长期面对的常态性问题。对于这个问题的研究,不应仅限于以往研究中的币值低估与否,是否违反相关国际公约等方面的单一研究模式,而需要在相关国际法框架下,从经济、政治及国际法等多角度加以综合研究,以制定相应的长期应对策略,并在此基础上通过对国内法上相关制度的完善保证中国经济的长期平稳发展。     

测谎证据在民事诉讼中的应用

测谎技术是一种现代高科技的产物,我们既不能绝对排斥其在民事审判中的应用,使其游离于民事诉讼程序之外,也不能将其“神化”,将其视为冲破民事诉讼僵局的刹手锏。任何对案件事实的判断都要遵循基本的证明规律,如何在民事诉讼程序中理性地规范地运用测谎技术判断证据,不仅需要立法上进一步完善,也需要我们进一步深入地探索。     

行贿罪案件证据实务剖析

行贿罪案因其固有的“无现场”、“单线联系”和涉案主体的“共利共害”等特征 ,一直是司法实务的难点。行贿犯罪对转型期中国危害的严重性 ,使其成为司法工作的重点。从实证分析的角度 ,对该类案件的证据实务进行剖析 ,将为司法实务提供指导。