香港科技创新与发展的驱动力分析和启示——基于对香港创新及科技基金的研究

香港创新及科技基金总体上包含四个计划:创新及科技支援计划、一般支持计划、大学与产业合作计划、小型企业研究资助计划。香港特区政府通过这些计划调动一切可以调动的科研力量,针对有经济效益预期的前沿科技项目,资助了百亿计的项目资金,培育了科技创新的可持续发展能力,有力驱动了香港经济的快速发展,同时也为国家的科技创新事业提供了经验启示。     

行政许可自由裁量权的表现与防控

行政许可是行政机关管理社会公共事务的重要手段,行政许可自由裁量权是现代行政权的重要组成部分,在行政许可中普遍存在.从分析行政许可自由裁量权入手,有针对性地构建行政许可自由裁量权的防范与控制体系,可以有效规范行政许可行为,预防和根除腐败现象的发生.     

基于利益相关者理论构建专业教学资源库的应用驱动机制 ——以职业教育法律文秘专业教学资源建设为例

职业教育专业教学资源库建设项目是我国职业教育主动应对科技发展带来挑战的重要举措,对其“能学辅教”功能实现的程度直接反映了项目建设的水平,也反映了院校教育教学信息化改革的程度和热情。基于目前在应用方面存在的问题,本文拟利用利益相关者理论对项目应用主体进行分析,并结合法律文秘专业教学资源库建设情况实证分析,提出包括构建包括政策引导等内容的资源库应用驱动机制。     

试论我国机动车驾驶证培训考试制度的完善

梳理了我国机动车驾驶证培训考试制度的历程,指出了现行机动车驾驶证培训考试制度存在与现行法律规范相冲突、培训质量有待进一步提高、不利于构建节约型社会以及为职能部门谋求利益提供了便利等主要问题。提出了驾驶证直接考试制度的构想,并主张通过修订相关法律规范、明确指导初学驾驶技术的教练员的资质要求、提高机动车驾驶考试难度以及实行新驾驶人素质跟踪和责任倒查制度等配套措施来保证直接考试制度下机动车驾驶人的质量。     

“醉驾入刑”与公安执法研究

《刑法修正案(八)》自2011年5月1日正式实施以来,各地公安机关依法严厉打击酒后驾车行为,醉酒驾驶的危险性以及醉酒驾驶应承担的法律责任被越来越多的社会公众所认知。在公安机关依法打击醉驾行为赢得民意支持的同时,关于公安机关执法是否规范、执法程序是否严密、执法结果是否公正以及公安民警执法过程中的警察权益保障等问题,也受到广泛的关注。因此,广大公安民警在查处办理醉驾案件过程中,必须进一步提高执法水平,严密执法程序,规范执法过程、确保公正廉洁执法。     

关于危险驾驶罪的论证与理解——以风险刑法理念为理论基础

《刑法修正案（八）》已在民众的呼声中顺利通过，但对于理论界和实务界来说依然任重道远，如何论证和理解法律规定成为关键。以风险刑法理念作为理论基础创建的危险驾驶罪必须合理解决罪刑法定原则与罪刑相适应原则的契合问题，以彰显以人为本的现代刑法理念，并在此基础上论证和理解犯罪构成，并检验刑事法律后果，从而提出可行性的立法和司法方案。     

DRIVING WHILE BLACK: EFFECTS OF RACE,ETHNICITY, AND GENDER ON CITIZEN SELF‐REPORTS OF TRAFFIC STOPS AND POLICE ACTIONS*

Are African‐American men, compared with white men, more likely to report being stopped by police for traffic law violations? Are African‐American men and Hispanic drivers less likely to report that police had a legitimate reason for the stop and less likely to report that police acted properly? This study answers these questions using citizen self‐reports of their traffic stop encounters with the police. Net of other important explanatory variables, the data indicate that police make traffic stops for Driving While Black and male. In addition, African‐American and Hispanic drivers are less likely to report that police had a legitimate reason for the stop and are less likely to report that police acted properly. The study also discusses the validity of citizen self‐report data and outlines an agenda for future research.     

Drugs in motorists traveling Swedish roads: on-the-road-detection of intoxicated drivers and screening for drugs in these offenders

This paper deals with the police officer's or police doctor's ability to find drivers under the influence of drugs. We have also studied whether the protocol on the driver's previous histories of drug intake is useful for directing the chemist in his analytical approach to revealing intoxicants in the suspects' body fluids. A comprehensive procedure for screening traffic-hazardous drugs in the urine was found necessary and is described. By using this method, we have studied the incidence of drunken drivers with detectable medicinal or illicit agents. The results demonstrate that 91% of those drivers found by the officer or doctor of the police to be on intoxicants other than ethanol, carried some kind of traffic-hazardous drug in their body fluids, and that the doctor was a better judge than the police in identifying these offenders. By using a series of chemical methods for drug screening, we found that every third driver suspected of drunken driving due to ethanol, but not to other intoxicants, held some kind of a traffic-hazardous drug substance in his urine; benzodiazepines and cannabinoids were the most common findings. The data imply that 34% of these suspects revealed their intakes of traffic-dangerous intoxicants. We conclude that the judgements of both the officer and doctor of the police are needed for an efficacious detection of drivers under the influence of drugs. Moreover, the results infer that the chemist has to screen for intoxicants to reveal these in a suspect driver. We also conclude that drugs, particularly the benzodiazepines or cannabinoids, may be commonly encountered in drunken drivers, suspected of being inebriated by ethanol but no other toxicants.     

浅析醉酒驾驶行为的法律规制

醉酒驾驶行为的法律规制应追求自由、秩序和正义的价值,以实现对醉酒驾驶行为的遏止。但现实中,醉酒驾驶行为的法律规制因行为的多发性、饮酒的习惯性和制裁的限制性而存在一系列困境,因此在司法实践操作中,需破除对刑罚威慑作用的盲目笃信,在刑法与行政法的顺畅衔接和危险驾驶罪增设资格刑的同时,仍需社会力量的配合。     

人类学视野下的汉族民间巫术研究——以宁夏南部汉族的“送病消灾”巫术为例

巫术作为民间信仰的一个重要组成部分,在我国的一些乡村社会中仍然普遍存在,并且影响着人们的日常生活、价值观念和思维方式。普遍存在于宁夏南部乡村社会的“送病消灾”就是如此,它是当地乡村文化的主要组成部分。以人类学的研究视角来看,这种民间巫术是人鬼之间、人神之间沟通的主要渠道,具有深刻的文化内涵。