中国经济的内部平衡与外部平衡——从国民收入账户分析中国的贸易平衡

从国民收入账户的角度,围绕宏观经济的内部平衡与外部平衡问题,分析中国贸易平衡的成因及其内、外部影响,并用计量方法进行实证.结果表明从世界各国的情况看,平均消费倾向与贸易平衡存在明显的负相关性;中国的贸易平衡状况则与其低消费、高投资的内部平衡状况密切相关,这种内、外部平衡关系的模式存在着较大的风险,缺乏一定的持续性.基于这些分析结果,提出了若干针对性的政策建议.     

区域自主创新与投资支持探讨

区域自主创新离不开投资的支持,投资支持力度影响着区域自主创新的水平。为此,需要对区域自主创新的投资支持力度进行评价,进而了解投资支持存在的问题。我们以山东省为例对区域自主创新的投资支持力度进行了评价,认为目前区域自主创新的投资支持力度不足。为了加强对区域自主创新投资的支持,需要充分发挥财政创新投资的引导和示范作用,促进财政和企业创新投资的区域分布合理化;应转变观念,培育技术研发型对外直接投资主体,调整对外直接投资的区位,调整对外直接投资的领域;应提高创新型企业的技术吸收能力,提高高新技术产业利用外商直接投资的能力,促进外商直接投资的区域分布合理化等。     

霸权国内部民主与对外霸权的互动

民主与霸权是国际政治中时常涉及到的词汇。对于霸权国来说,霸权国内部民主和对外霸权作为其最典型的表现形式,两者实际是一个矛盾的两个方面,或相互促进,或相互抵消,在国家内部和外部发挥着形式各异而又不可分割的作用。在不同的阶段和背景下,共同影响着国家的发展。     

Parenting Coordination and Confidentiality: A (Not‐so) Delicate Balance

This article describes the current state and range of information protection in the growing number of states and Canadian provinces that employ parenting coordination in an effort to reduce repeat custody litigation. The predominant approach—in which what is revealed during the process is not confidential—is analyzed in terms of its compatibility with the parenting coordinator's multiple tasks of educating parents, seeking to facilitate agreements, and, if necessary, providing the court with a report, a recommended decision, or an arbitrated result. Using a case scenario with multiple parts, the article then examines such confidentiality schemes in practice by providing an action‐oriented series of questions that illustrate how much of this topic must be resolved through a parenting coordinator's exercise of discretion in the absence of rule clarity. The article then raises a number of policy questions about whether current parenting coordination confidentiality norms strike the optimal or even the correct balance on information protection and concludes by identifying several policy options that might address these questions.     

Rejecting representation? Party systems and popular support for referendums in Europe

Under what conditions do citizens favor deciding political issues by popular vote? Models of support for popular vote processes usually consider the influence of individual attitudes such as political trust and interest in politics. But much less is known about the effect of institutional variables on support for popular vote processes. This article builds on research showing that disaffection with elected officials shapes support for referendums by considering the influence of the party system. First, an analysis of multilevel data from twenty-four European democracies indicates that individuals are more supportive of referendums in countries with fewer effective political parties. Second, a mediation analysis provides evidence that the number of parties influences referendum support through individual-level political trust and external efficacy. Where there are fewer viable parties, feelings that elected officials are unresponsive tend to increase popular support for referendums. These findings suggest a trade-off between available representation by political parties and support for direct influence over public policy.     

越南私营企业发展的制度因素

革新开放后，越南私营企业从少到多、从小到大、从弱到强，在国民经济中占据越来越重要的位置。这一发展历程与越南政府的制度改革密不可分。越南政府通过修订《企业法》、《土地法》，加速推进行政改革等举措，为私营企业的发展提供了法律保障和机制保障。但私营企业的发展在融资渠道、信息来源、债务纠纷解决等方面仍面临诸多困难。     

Responsiveness and the rules of the game: How disproportionality structures the effects of winning and losing on external efficacy

This paper investigates how casting a winning or losing vote affects perceptions of external efficacy across varying conditions of electoral disproportionality. I find that as a political system's electoral mechanisms become more disproportional—that is, when institutional rules produce an increasingly unequal ratio of votes cast to the percentage of seats won—individuals who voted for losing parties become significantly less efficacious than their winning counterparts. Under these conditions, electoral winners are more likely to perceive that it matters what party is elected, while losers' attitudes about the meaningfulness of electoral representation sour. However, when disproportionality is minimal, no significant difference between winners' and losers' perceptions of external efficacy is observed, suggesting that the winner-loser framework has context-specific utility. I conclude with a brief discussion of the implications of these findings.     

现代资本主义发展的外部环境

现代资本主义发展既需要一系列内部条件 ,也需要一个良好的外部环境 ,如果不能将两者的优势适当地结合起来 ,一个民族就不可能顺利地发展。发达资本主义国家的崛起史就是一部控制外部世界资源 ,尤其是控制海洋的历史。英国和美国在这样的争夺中获得了胜利 ,同时也使自己获得了广阔的发展空间。历史经验表明 ,获得这种空间以及世界竞争游戏规则的制定权对于一个国家的发展至关重要 ,但这种游戏规则不是由所有参与国 ,而是主要由大国制定的 ,所以 ,大国俱乐部逐步成为国际事务的操纵者 ,所谓的国际社会 ,其实只是大国俱乐部的代称 ,直到今天 ,“国际社会”的本质依然如此     

服务型政府与行政管理体制改革

服务型政府必须建立在科学合理的行政管理体制的基础上。为此,必须对我国现行行政管理体制进行全方位的改革。改革既涉及政府内部关系的调整与变革,也涉及政府与外部关系的调整与变革。其调整、变革的范围包括以下六个关系:政府与被管理者行政相对人的关系;政府与社会的关系;政府与权力机关、司法机关乃至执政党的关系;中央政府与地方政府的关系;政府部门相互之间的关系;政府部门内部的关系。     

工资分配外部公平性对不同年龄高学历员工的影响

摘工资是企业激励高学历员工的一种重要手段，但是当工资分配外部不公平的情况存在时，它对高学历员工的激励作用是否存在以及它的激励效果如何是现代企业面临的一个重要研究课题。本文通过实证研究，对工资分配外部公平性对不同年龄高学历员工的影响进行研究，并分析原因，提出了相关的对策和建议。