四川藏族青年相貌特征的探讨

抽样调查50例四川藏族青年相貌图片资料为研究素材,对四川藏族青年相貌的典型特征进行了归类、总结与探讨,它对充实中国人相貌识别技术基础理论的研究内容、科学研究中国少数民族的相貌识别与检验技术,以及刑侦人像组合软件在我国少数民族地区的推广应用,具有一定的参考价值。     

应用超声波检测活体头面部软组织厚度的研究

应用CTS－5型超声波诊断仪对82例中国汉族不同年龄组（18－60岁）健康男，女性头面部软组织厚度进行测量和统计，力图为国人面貌复原提供更加客观和准确的基础数据。     

Computer-assisted skull identification system using video superimposition

This system consists of two main units, namely a video superimposition system and a computer-assisted skull identification system. The video superimposition system is comprised of the following five parts: a skull-positioning box having a monochrome CCD camera, a photo-stand having a color CCD camera, a video image mixing device, a TV monitor and a videotape recorder. The computer-assisted skull identification system is composed of a host computer including our original application software, a film recorder and a color printer. After the determination of the orientation and size of the skull to those of the facial photograph using the video superimposition system, the skull and facial photograph images are digitized and stored within the computer, and then both digitized images are superimposed on the monitor. For the assessment of anatomical consistency between the digitized skull and face, the distance between the landmarks and the thickness of soft tissue of the anthropometrical points are semi-automatically measured on the monitor. The wipe images facilitates the comparison of positional relationships between the digitized skull and face. The software includes the polynomial functions and Fourier harmonic analysis for evaluating the match of the outline such as the forehead and mandibular line in both the digitized images.     

银黄消痘面膜联合一清胶囊治疗脾胃湿热型痤疮临床观察

目的 观察银黄消痘面膜联合一清胶囊治疗脾胃湿热型痤疮的疗效。方法 按就诊先后顺序,随机将79例Ⅱ~Ⅲ级脾胃湿热型痤疮患者分成2组。其中治疗组39例,采用银黄消痘面膜外敷联合一清胶囊内服;对照组40例,采用0.1%阿达帕林凝胶外涂联合盐酸多西环素胶囊口服。治疗4周评估疗效,并在疗程结束后8周回访复发情况。结果 两组治疗后皮损积分、中医证候积分均较治疗前显著下降（P<0.05）,治疗组皮损积分及中医证候积分降低程度明显大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗组临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组复发率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 银黄消痘面膜外敷联合一清胶囊治疗脾胃湿热型痤疮疗效较好,不良反应轻微,复发率低。     

Decoding Deficits of Different Types of Batterers During Presentation of Facial Affect Slides

The ability to decode emotional cues is associated with both personality disorders and violence. This study investigated whether subtypes of intimate partner abusers differ in their ability to label facial affect displays. Intimate partner violent (IPV; n = 69) and nonviolent (NV; n = 32) men were asked to label slides of facial affect. Cluster analyses classified the IPV men into three different types as per the Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart (1994; Typologies of male batterers: three subtypes and the differences among them. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 476–497) typology: family-only (FO), borderline or dysphoric (BD), and generally violent or antisocial (GVA). Overall, IPV men did not make more errors decoding facial affect slides than did NV men. However, GVA batterers showed deficits while BD batterers were particularly accurate in identifying emotions. Clinical implications are that emotional recognition skills training techniques may be useful for GVA batterers only.     

A review of the literature on the aging adult skull and face: Implications for forensic science research and applications

This paper is a summary of findings of adult age-related craniofacial morphological changes. Our aims are two-fold: (1) through a review of the literature we address the factors influencing craniofacial aging, and (2) the general ways in which a head and face age in adulthood. We present findings on environmental and innate influences on face aging, facial soft tissue age changes, and bony changes in the craniofacial and dentoalveolar skeleton. We then briefly address the relevance of this information to forensic science research and applications, such as the development of computer facial age-progression and face recognition technologies, and contributions to forensic sketch artistry.     

国人头面部软组织厚度的MRI测量

用磁共振成像（MRI）方法对498例（男274，女224）中国汉族人头面部31个标志点（正中线16，侧面15）的软组织厚度分7个年龄组进行了测量。结果表明，国人（汉族）头面部软组织厚度一般随年龄增长而增厚，大约在45～59岁最厚，60岁以后又开始变薄；男女性头面部软组织厚度有性别差异，在大多数测量点男厚于女，在19个测量点中有显著性差异（0．01＜P＜0．05）。个体因素对颜面上下部软组织厚度有不同影响，下面部软组织厚度受个体因素影响较上面部大。     

On the discrimination between facial creams of different brands using Raman Spectroscopy and partial least squares discriminant analysis for forensic application

Determining the origin of cosmetic traces is an important aspect of forensic investigations, that helps linking a suspect to a crime. Such type of evidence can help further narrow down the undergoing investigations. This paper reports the first use of Raman Spectroscopy (RS) coupled with the exploratory principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) in facial creams. 40 facial cream samples of 8 different brands were studied in this work. Preliminary assessments through visual inspection of their Raman spectra revealed the presence of oxides, titanium dioxide, castor seed oil, and beeswax. Also, the peaks of alkyne groups were indicative of the presence of talc or mica compounds. The exploratory PCA correctly segregated the samples into 8 clusters and the supervised PLS-DA model correctly classified them into 8 classes. Further evaluation of the performance of the trained PLS-DA model resulted in perfect classification shown by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The PLS-DA model also resulted in 100% accuracy of correctly assigning the brand on the face wipes on each of the five substrates viz. cotton, dry and wet tissue paper, nylon substrate, and polyester. This validation was done treating these samples as unknowns. The study has a potential for use under actual forensic casework conditions.     

Performance of forensic facial comparison by morphological analysis across optimal and suboptimal CCTV settings

Facial comparison is an important yet understudied discipline in forensics. The recommended method for facial comparison in a forensic setting involves morphological analysis (MA) with the use of a facial feature list. The performance of this approach has not been tested across various closed-circuit television (CCTV) conditions. This is of particular concern as video and image data available to law enforcement is often varied and of subpar conditions. The present study aimed at testing MA across two types of CCTV data, representing ideal and less than ideal settings, also assessing which particular shortcomings arose from less-than-ideal settings. The study was conducted on a subset of the Wits Face Database arranged in a total of 225 face pools. Each face pool consisted of a target image obtained from either a high-definition digital CCTV camera or a low-definition analogue CCTV camera in monochrome, contrasted to 10 possible matches. The face pools were analysed and scored using MA and confusion matrices were used to analyse the outcomes. A notably high chance corrected accuracy (CCA) (97.3%) and reliability (0.969) was identified across the digital CCTV sample, while in the analogue CCTV sample MA appeared to underperform both in accuracy (CCA: 33.1%) and reliability (0.529). The majority of the errors in scoring resulted in false negatives in the analogue sample (75.2%), while across both CCTV conditions false positives were low (digital: 0.3%; analogue: 1.2%). Even though hit rates appeared deceptively high in the analogue sample, the various measures of performance used and particularly the chance corrected accuracy highlighted its shortfalls. Overall, CCTV recording quality appears closely associated to MA performance, despite the favourable error rates when using the Facial Identification Scientific Working Group feature list.     

火针治疗中枢性面瘫54例

目的 观察运用火针治疗中枢性面瘫的临床疗效,并探讨其作用机制。方法 按照随机数字表法随机选取108例中枢性面瘫患者,将其分为对照组（普通针刺疗法）和治疗组（火针疗法）,每组54例。比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后分别采用修订的面神经功能量表（modified house-brackmann,MHBN）和面部残疾指数（face disability index,FDI）评价面部神经功能。结果 两组临床疗效的分布比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者治疗后MHBN评分均较治疗前显著提高（P＜0.05）,且治疗组治疗后MHBN评分提高程度高于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组患者治疗后各项评分较治疗前均明显提高（P＜0.05）,且治疗组在进食困难、喝饮料困难、流泪困难、刷牙或漱口困难的改善程度上优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 与普通针刺法相比,火针法能更有效地改善中枢性面瘫后面部的感觉及运动功能,更有利于面神经功能的恢复,尤其适用于难治性面瘫患者。