Narco-Terrorism: The Merger of the War on Drugs and the War on Terror

The aim of this article is to analyse the phenomena of narco-terrorism and the practical measures utilised to counter this threat. By adopting the model of the crime-terror continuum developed by Tamara Makarenko, the article will outline the similarities and dissimilarities of narcotics trafficking and terrorism in order to provide a more nuanced perspective on the concept of narco-terrorism. By doing so, the article will evaluate the kind of approach taken in combating the threat of narco-terrorism.     

论"假一罚十"承诺的法律性质

"假一罚十"承诺的法律性质如何,这是一个在理论上和司法实践中还存在较多争议的问题.商家"假一罚十"的承诺与商家和顾客之间的买卖合同实际上是两个不同的法律行为,但二者又有密切的联系."假一罚十"是商家的单方允诺,属于单方法律行为,它以买卖合同为生效条件,属于附条件的单方法律行为.     

中国毒品形势的悄然质变与禁毒行为变革动因

我国于20世纪80年代初以来出现的新一轮的毒品问题发展至今,正在发生悄然质变。由以境外渗透,以鸦片、海洛因占绝对主导的毒品贩运和滥用状况发展为以新型毒品为主导的多元毒品制造、贩运和滥用状况。对现行禁毒行为的“修补”性调整难以见效,应进行重大变革。     

Recent narcotics and mafia research

Abstract

Research into narcotics‐related issues is underway all over the world. No country can afford to ignore the social and economic consequences of drug production, distribution, consumption, or the laundering of the profits thereof. The article examines recent and ongoing research in Latin America, the United States, the United Kingdom, and within the context of the European Community. Latin American studies relate drug production to wider problems of economic development, whereas typical “consumer country” studies are more concerned with criminological aspects and demand reduction policies. The drugs/crime link is seen to be closely bound up with the illegal context of the drugs market, thus the option for legalization is considered. The economic growth of the Italian mafia is explained. The author describes recent international agreements on money laundering and precursor chemicals, and concludes by stressing the value of international cooperation on all aspects of narcotics research.     

The modern trends in alcohol, drugs and driving research

Research on alcohol, drugs and driving can be broadly separated into experimental and epidemiological studies. Every approach has its inherent advantages and disadvantages. Experimental studies can result in an interpretation by single cause, but can only identify potential risks, and the results can sometimes be of limited value because of the use of non-realistic doses or because of the drug use history or inter-individual differences of the volunteers. Recent studies have used higher, more realistic doses and paid more attention to the combination of alcohol and drugs and have shown that the chronic use of illicit drugs can be associated with some cognitive and/or psychomotor impairment, and can lead to a decrease in driving performance even when the subject is no longer intoxicated.Epidemiological studies include roadside surveys, studies in a subset of drivers, accident risk studies, responsibility analyses, surveys and pharmaco-epidemiological studies. Between studies, results may be incomparable due to testing different populations, different kinds of samples, etc. More large-scale roadside studies are conducted now.Advances in analytical toxicology have also contributed to a better understanding of the risks associated with driving under the influence. While older studies measured the inactive metabolite THC-COOH and did not show an increased risk in cannabis-positive drivers, more recent studies measured the active THC in blood and did show a concentration dependent increase in crash risk. The use of LC–MS/MS has allowed more broad-range screening as this technique can measure many different drugs in a small sample volume. While some older studies used saliva but had many analytical problems (including an insufficient sample volume in up to a third of the cases), newer methods of saliva sampling and analysis give better results. The use of saliva for roadside surveys allows non-invasive sampling, but the lack of correlation with the concentrations in blood makes interpretation of results difficult.The results of both epidemiological and experimental studies should be combined to obtain a good estimate of the impact of certain drugs on driving performance and accident risk. In 2006–07 a committee of international experts drafted guidelines for future research into drugs and driving. These have been taken on board by the DRUID project, a large-scale EU funded project on driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines.     

命案伪装现场刍议

命案现场是发生命案的地点和场所。鉴于此种犯罪惩罚的严厉性,命案现场出现伪装的情形日益增多,犯罪行为人通过对作案时间、工具、手段、动机、目的、事件性质等伪装,妄图逃避法律制裁。清楚了解命案伪装现场的特点及准确识别其伪装内容,对于命案现场勘查工作具有极其重要的作用。     

运输毒品犯罪的几个问题

运输毒品是将毒品从一地到另一地的空间位移,这两地之间应有一定的距离。在认定运输毒品共同犯罪中,甲的意思与乙的意思互相联络,其两者的行为才产生法律上统一观察的结果,各共同犯罪人的个人犯罪故意,才转化为共同的犯罪故意。运输毒品犯罪的着手,是指已经超越了为犯罪的实行创造有利条件的预备阶段,并且对具体的犯罪客体造成了现实的威胁。     

An Assessment of Juvenile Drug Courts’ Knowledge of Evidence‐Based Practices,Data Collection,and the Use of AA/NA

The use of evidence‐based practices (EBPs) has become a core component of juvenile drug courts (JDCs). This research, using a sample of JDCs listed with the National Association of Drug Court Professionals, tests two current assumptions in the field: 1) many JDCs do not use or are unaware of their use of EBPs and 2) JDCs tend to overuse sober support groups (e.g., AA/NA), which are thought to be inappropriate for youth. Results suggest that nearly all JDCs, in the sample, reported using EBPs; however, only about a quarter of them collected treatment data and knew the outcomes of the data. Also, only about half of the JDCs use sober support groups (predominantly AA/NA), and nearly all of the sober support groups were tailored toward youth. Overall, these findings suggest that the current assumptions in the field do not accurately reflect the practices reported by these JDCs. Implications are discussed.     

使用假身份证实施的反侦查行为初探

使用假身份证实施的反侦查行为,是指犯罪行为人针对侦查机关的侦查行为,使用假身份证向侦查机关传递虚假信息,干扰侦查视线、破坏侦查线索,以躲避侦查、逃避打击的行为总和。使用假身份证实施反侦查行为的外部影响因素有科技水平、犯罪亚文化、个案的侦查措施和手段。其表现形式有：犯罪预备阶段的反侦查行为、犯罪实施阶段的反侦查行为、犯罪后潜逃阶段的反侦查行为。对此类反侦查行为的利用,侦查人员应主动收集反侦查信息,把握犯罪活动中的信息转移规律;同时还应采用传统侦查措施与信息化侦查措施相结合的方式综合判断嫌疑人身份。     

以戒为本 重治慎罚——重塑新时期的戒毒工作理念

以《禁毒法》颁布为契机,探索能够最大限度帮助吸毒者戒除毒瘾、重归社会的戒毒康复模式,从根本上保障吸戒人员的利益。1．确立吸毒行为非犯罪化处置原则;2．确立“以戒为本、重治慎罚”的戒毒理念。