大数据时代日本个人信息保护法探究

个人信息本来是极其隐私的事物,在大数据时代却时刻处于"裸奔"状态,时刻面临被侵犯的风险。特别在新冠肺炎疫情防控中,大数据技术发挥了重要作用,个人信息保护再次引起关注。整体而言,日本个人信息保护法以"个人优先"与"公共优先"的宗旨博弈为出发点,以"个人信息"的概念界定为基础,以个人信息权的保护为核心,以个人信息保护机构的独立设置为落脚点,为个人信息的保护奠定了基础。我国应当积极行动起来,尽快颁布《个人信息保护法》,助力大数据时代个人信息保护和数字经济的发展。     

离婚救济制度之实证研究

在北京、厦门、哈尔滨三地部分法院的调查显示 ,离婚救济制度目前在司法实践中未能得到有效适用。特别是离婚经济补偿制度和离婚损害赔偿制度适用者寥寥无几。而离婚经济帮助制度也存在着适用条件苛刻 ,受助者范围小 ,住房帮助的规定难以落到实处 ,金钱帮助数额偏低 ,经济帮助实际不到位的问题。针对调查中所显示的制度缺位与不周延问题 ,需要从制度层面进行反思 ,考虑制度性重构。     

论行政行为实现力

传统行政行为效力学说中的“执行力”是不全面和不准确的,它并不能涵盖所有行政行为,同时由其包含自行履行效力难免造成语义逻辑上的混乱;而“实现力”概念可以较好地解决这些问题。实现力的概念可界定为行政行为自身所具有的,实现自我所体现的行政目标与内容的法律效果。     

论《刑法修正案（六）》对重大劳动安全事故罪的修改

近几年,我国重特大安全事故频发,尤其是煤矿行业的安全生产形势非常严峻,为了更有效地维护生产经营的安全,惩治那些不重视对安全生产设施和安全生产条件进行投入、建设、管理和维护的行为,《刑法修正案(六)》对重大劳动安全事故罪进行了修改,但是修改后的条文在犯罪构成要件的表述上不明确,在司法上不能得到准确适用。因此,有必要对本罪构成要件中的危害行为、主观要件和主体要件进行讨论和分析。     

RETHINKING JUVENILE STATUS OFFENSE LAWS: CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION ACT

Families struggling with a breakdown in communication, trying to control the behavior of an unruly child, or experiencing a crisis often look for outside help. Many families, particularly those without resources to pay for private support, turn to their local status offense system. Status offenders are young people charged with behavior unique to their status as juveniles such as running away, truancy, or disobedience. In 2007, Congress will begin to consider reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA), the federal act related to status‐offender policy. By providing an overview of recent state status‐offense legislation and case law, this article identifies issues to be addressed by Congress in reauthorizing the JJDPA.     

Increasing strategic accountability: a framework for international NGOs

The accountability of international development NGOs (INGOs) has attracted a great deal of interest from academics and development practitioners. INGO accountability falls into two categories: practical accountability (for the use of inputs, the way activities are performed, and outputs) and strategic accountability for INGOs' performance in relation to their mission. This article presents a conceptual framework for exploring INGO accountability. It is based on information collected through a literature review and semi-structured interviews with representatives from 20 UK-based INGOs. The research found that INGOs tend to use a number of quality-assurance mechanisms to achieve ‘practical’ accountability. However, it is suggested that this kind of accountability will not necessarily enable INGOs to achieve their missions to alleviate poverty and eliminate injustice. Furthermore, the predominant use of practical accountability has led to a number of gaps in INGO accountability. It is suggested that, like the term ‘participation’ before it, accountability has been co-opted for its instrumental benefits to INGO project performance and management. It is argued that if INGOs are to achieve their missions, this will require more ‘strategic’ forms of accountability, geared towards fundamentally changing those social, economic, and political structures that promote poverty.     

信赖保护与相对人授益权的实现

信赖保护原则作为政府行为的道德底线、行政法治化的内容和经济效益的需求,有助于实现授益行政行为的预期目标。信赖保护可以并且应当体现在授益行政行为过程中的多个环节,比如本着诚信原则作出授益行政行为,不得随意改变其依据,非经法定程序不得任意撤销和废止授益行政行为等等。     

The Gambling Act 2005: Regulatory Containment and Market Control

The Act marks a fundamental shift from legislative to market control of gambling. While plans for Las Vegas style casinos and internet gambling sites in Britain have suffered setbacks, restrictions on the availability, advertising and stimulation of demand for gambling, enshrined in the Gaming Act 1968, have been abandoned. In their place, a new regulatory body, the Gambling Commission, has been established to take primary responsibility for ensuring that three licensing objectives are promoted. These objectives are the prevention of crime and disorder, the conduct of gambling in a fair and open way and the protection of children and the vulnerable. The Commission has been given strong and wide ranging powers to regulate gambling, but can the safeguards proposed meet the challenge presented by a gambling industry released from restraints?     

价值视角的转变与正义模式的演绎——评美国1998年《ADR 法》

经过联邦法院对 ADR 的十几年的探索实验,美国国会最终通过了1998年《ADR 法》,为 ADR 措施的开展发放了“绿卡”。该法要求所有的美国联邦法院实施“当事人服务型”的 ADR 措施,并允许法院强制当事人参加 ADR 程序。联邦法院 ADR 部门要想成功有效的实施该法,对各种 ADR 措施进行选择,以使其与现有的法院体系相兼容,同时为当事人提供便利,首先要协调好 ADR 措施所内涵的正义模式与一直引导着法院的传统的判决型的正义模式的关系。     

对作为行政诉讼“通道”的功能性概念的再认识

鉴于目前学界对具体行政行为概念的诸多歧义 ,有必要对这一作为行政诉讼“通道”的功能性概念重新命名。借鉴德国的行政处分概念 ,可将“具体行政行为”称为“行政处理决定”或“行政处理行为” ,以完善我国的行政诉讼制度