Beyond the Blame Game: Political Strategies for State Funding Reform

There is growing concern that intergovernmental financial relations in the Australian federation are becoming increasingly acrimonious and dysfunctional. This paper argues that it is necessary to analyse State funding as a whole, including the critical relationship between State‐level taxation and its reform and the broader Commonwealth Grants Commission regime, if we are to establish a system of State funding which is financially sustainable, promotes economic efficiency and is broadly congruent with established norms of Australian federalism. Above all, based on international experience, we argue Commonwealth leadership is required to achieve this goal. We conclude with a case study concerning resource taxation which demonstrates how the Commonwealth could provide leadership using a ‘bundled’ approach to policy reform. It is argued that such an approach has the potential to alleviate wider intergovernmental conflicts which currently afflict Australian federalism.     

The Tax Reform Agenda in Australia

This paper applies concepts developed in the Policy Agendas Project (PAP) literature to an analysis of Australian tax policy over the post war period. It argues that a major turning point in the Australian tax policy agenda occurred during the second term of the Hawke Government (1984‐87). Beyond this turning point, and despite the fierce partisan conflict concerning tax policy over the past two decades, there has been remarkaly little difference between Australia's two major parties at the level of substantive policy content. The Australian tax policy agenda over the post war period can be characterised by remarkable policy continuity punctuated by a period of change in the mid 1980s when structural change in the international political economy precipitated unprecedented domestic liberalisation.     

寄生虫谷胱甘肽转移酶的研究进展

谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione S-transfer,aGsSeT)是由多基因编码、具有多种功能的超基因家族酶,是细胞内转运的"通用"载体蛋白。哺乳动物的GST可调控细胞增殖和死亡信号通路,具有参与运输、新陈代谢和生理反应等的能力。已有研究表明,多种寄生虫的GST参与虫体的生命活动。综述了有关寄生虫GST的研究进展,为后续相关研究提供思路。     

EgM家族蛋白诱导犬免疫应答动态ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立用重组GST融合EgM家族(EgM9和EgM123)蛋白和GST蛋白免疫的犬血清中由靶蛋白(EgM家族)产生的特异性抗体的检测方法,用GST融合EgM9和EgM123蛋白及GST蛋白为抗原,辅以弗氏佐剂分别免疫试验犬3次,100μg/只,并设GST蛋白组和PBS组为对照。三免后第2周,用羊源原头蚴进行口服感染,25 000枚/只,每周采血直至感染后第45天,以GST融合EgM9和EgM123蛋白包板,用中和反应处理血清中由GST蛋白和大肠杆菌产生的抗体,之后用间接ELISA和Western-blot方法检测血清中IgG、IgM和IgA的水平。结果显示,预处理的犬血清能去除GST蛋白和大肠杆菌诱导的抗体。二免后IgG和IgM水平达到峰值,IgG应答水平随免疫和感染仍能保持高应答水平。三免后IgG应答水平未提高。第三次免疫后IgM应答水平逐渐下降。IgA产生低的免疫应答,随免疫刺激和感染没有显著的变化。结果表明,EgM9和EgM123靶蛋白免疫犬能产生高水平的免疫应答,说明用吸收非特异性抗体监测特异性抗体的方法是可行的。     

General Strain Theory and Racial Insurgency: Assessing the Role of Legitimate Coping

While General Strain Theory (GST) recognizes the broad range of legitimate and illegitimate coping behaviors people adopt in reaction to strain, tests of the theory focus almost exclusively on criminal coping. We advance the theory by articulating the role of legitimate coping in the GST process. We test the theory’s assumptions that strain increases both legitimate and illegitimate coping and that negative emotions more strongly increase illegitimate coping. We also draw on recent work by Agnew and expect that these coping strategies co-occur rather than being mutually exclusive. We investigate these hypotheses in relation to black insurgency, specifically nonviolent civil-rights protest (legitimate coping) and rioting (illegitimate coping). Using data from a large 1968 survey of blacks, multivariate findings are consistent with the theory’s expectations regarding the role of legitimate coping. More broadly, our results echo calls to extend the boundaries of the discipline beyond traditional conceptualizations of “crime.”