Applying Moral Foundations Theory to the Explanation of Capital Jurors’ Sentencing Decisions

Abstract

This study applies moral foundations theory to capital juror decision making. We hypothesized that binding moral foundations would predict death qualification and punitive sentencing decisions, whereas individualizing moral foundations would be associated with juror disqualification and a leniency effect. Additionally, we considered whether moral foundations can explain differences in death penalty application between conservatives and liberals. Respondents from two independent samples participated in a mock-juror task in which the circumstances of a hypothetical defendant’s case varied. Results revealed moral foundations were strong predictors of death qualification. The binding and individualizing foundations were related to sentencing decisions in the expected ways. Supporting our contention that moral foundations operate differently across different types of cases, heterogeneity in the effects of moral foundations was observed. Finally, we found support for the hypothesis that the relationship between sentencing decisions and conservatism would be attenuated by moral foundations.     

认罪认罚从宽制度的体系性反思与建构

虽然认罪认罚从宽制度是在我国《刑事诉讼法》中得以正式确立的,但《刑事诉讼法》中涉及此制度的具体规定又都是操作层面的。据此,认罪认罚从宽制度的合理性并不能得以阐释。而依据我国《刑法》,对认罪认罚从宽制度的合理性则可以从形式逻辑、实质逻辑以及价值理念三个维度予以充分证成。由此可知,认罪认罚从宽制度本质上系《刑法》中的一种刑罚裁量制度,认罪认罚本质上是法定的从宽量刑情节。在定罪层面,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人只需自愿承认不法事实系其所为,即构成"认罪",而无需准确评价自身行为的法律性质并准确识别具体罪名;在量刑层面,"认罚"考察的重点是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的悔罪态度和悔罪表现。应当通过刑法立法的方式将认罪认罚从宽制度与自首制度、坦白制度部分重叠地整合在一起,以避免"概念混同""重复评价"的错误倾向。     

Fundamental principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights and the applications

Legal principle, which underlies the value of the legal system, is supposed to be the origin and basis of concrete legal rules. It has also resulted from abstracting and summarizing the value and spirit of these legal rules. In light of the universality and hierarchy of legal principle, the principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights (IPR) can be divided into the following two types: one is the fundamental principles applied to the what, why and how a legal system shall be constructed, such as principles of sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, joint development, and international cooperation, which also can be expressed as the principles of sovereignty, international coordination and cooperation, fairness and justice. The other type includes those existing in the legal system and capable of being applied directly, such as the principle of national treatment, principle of minimum standard, principle of independence (for industrial property right), principle of independent protection (for copyright), principle of compulsory implementing patent (for patent right) and doctrine of priority (for industrial property right), etc. In my opinion, the principles of the international protection system of IPR shall follow the latter model, indicating that they shall be provided and written in the international conventions on the grounds that they can be applied directly, and that they can be universally applied to the whole international protection system of IPR instead of exclusive application to one certain system. Hereupon, the author believes that principles concerning the international protection system of IPR should include the principles of national treatment, minimum protection standard and public interest.     

略论虚假自认的效力

从自认的效力基础来分析虚假自认效力,界定辩论主义地位,基于追求真实对辩论主义进行修正,在一定限度范围内确定真实义务,才能正确认定虚假自认的效力。     

中国加入WTO以后职务犯罪发展趋势及对策研究

中国加入世贸组织以后,随着经济贸易的进一步发展,一定时期内,职务犯罪将表现为更加复杂、严重和突出,而且会出现典型的多发部位。而治理和预防新形势下的职务犯罪,需要完善刑事法律规范和预防工作的相关立法,并以体制和制度保障加强惩治力度,以超前的意识作为指导思想,运用健全的权力监督制约机制和刑罚的预防功能等具有针对性的策略全面加以防范,突出社会效果。     

论治安行政听证制度的基本原则

行政听证制度是我国立法引进的一项新制度,是行政程序法的核心内容。公安机关在进行治安行政听证工作中,应当认真借鉴国外相关的立法,健全和完善公开原则、言词原则、职能分离原则、事先告知原则、记录排他性原则。     

理性呼唤与死刑适用

思考世界死刑命运,反观我国关于死刑的司法实践和传统理念,严格死刑的适用标准成为必要。同时,展望未来,为了适应国际人权法的要求和实现我国所承担的国际义务,应当从立法上限制死刑的适用。     

什么是应有的法学理论态度观——从法学理论的相互搏杀言起

法律理论演进的历史表明,文人相攻的天性及对自我理论的偏爱决定了法学理论之间的相互搏杀.虽然这种理论的对垒确实促进了人们对法律真知认识深度的深化,但是这种理论阵地上的排斥异己现象却非一种正确的法学真理探求观,因为复杂的社会决定了任何法律的命题并不能提供法律全部的图像.与此同理,中国的法治理论观不应是一种搏杀观,而应是一种博采众长的兼收并蓄观.     

Capital punishment, criminals and enemies

Right of life and life are different concept. The former is endowed w by state beforehand, which is proved through his behavior that he is deserved to own the right of life. The one who thoroughly offend the basic norm in the law is the enemy of our realistic world. If only the enemy still have danger to threaten the society, he should be executed to death penalty, and deprived of his life, but will not happen the problem of miscarriage of justice and inhumanity. The criminal’s behavior just only denies part of norm in the law, however, who still is mankind and should possess of mankind’s dignity, so we must abolish death penalty on them, miscarriage of justice is another reason of course. __________ Translated from Peking University Law Journal, 2005(5) (in Chinese) by Mi Zhibin     

起诉便宜主义相关问题评析

起诉便宜主义在当事人主义及职权主义诉讼结构的国家都已有广泛运用并出现了发展新趋势。我国应扩大起诉便宜主义运用的范围。起诉便宜主义是审判中心主义得以确立的前提。起诉便宜主义与“检警一体化”是不相容的 ,并集中反映了检察官的裁判职能。