A CROSS‐NATIONAL TEST OF BONGER'S THEORY OF CRIMINALITY AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS*

Using international data for 100 countries, we test two hypotheses derived from Bonger's Marxian theory of crime. The analyses support the hypothesis that the degree of capitalism significantly predicts homicide rates, but they fail to confirm that the de‐moralization of the population (loss of moral feelings for others) mediates the relationship between capitalism and homicide. Although capitalism is not the best predictor among those considered, overall, the results underline the importance of Bonger's ideas because both capitalism and corruption (our indicator of de‐moralization) show reasonably strong relationships with homicide rates and compete with other variables commonly used as predictors of international homicide rates. The results confirm the usefulness of attempting to subject Marxian ideas to positivist, quantitative tests, with an eye to integrating Marxian theories with other mainstream theories, such as institutional anomie theory.     

论利益衡量方法在行政诉讼原告资格认定中的运用

行政诉讼原告资格制度的目的在于建立一种筛选机制,其实质体现了法官在决定是否给予司法裁判时的利益衡量,因此利益衡量方法是界定原告资格的根本方法。原告资格的核心是法律上的利害关系,包括合法权益和因果关系两个主要构成要件,界定原告资格需要对这两者运用利益衡量方法进行分析。利益衡量标准与社会需求密切相关,个案中法官进行衡量时需要对社会主流价值取向、社会整体的道德情感以及公共政策等社会需求因素加以考虑。     

试论我国行政登记制度及其立法完善

我国行政登记制度存在严重缺陷 ,突出表现在行政登记机关的登记审查批准权很大 ,几乎不受什么制约 ,但却不承担相应的义务和责任 ;行政登记没有明确的公信力。在我国加入WTO后 ,应和海外立法接轨 ,明确特定行政登记的公信力和国家责任 ,健全和完善我国的行政登记制度。     

The Market for Scientific Crime Prevention: A Comparative Study of Canada and Venezuela

Crime prevention is an activity that, sooner or later, requires the concourse of science. But the dictates of science may not mesh well with the social, institutional and political considerations that are persistent and powerful determinants of collective action. To the extent that they are ignored, crime prevention is less scientific and more pragmatic. Using a marketing metaphor, this paper examines selected aspects of the supply of and demand for scientific crime prevention in Canada and Venezuela from 1949 to the present. In both countries, academic entrepreneurs are revealed to be a necessary factor in the sale of crime prevention to government. On the demand side, governments adopt and adapt crime prevention policies in relation to their broader perspective on social problems and social change. However, rising crime rates and climates of urgency reduce the attractiveness of crime prevention. Scientific crime prevention is easier to sell when crime rates are stable or declining.     

专职代表制之可行性再探析

专职代表制和兼职代表制是两种不同的代表制 ,理论界对于我国能否建立专职代表制仍有不同看法。本文试图就专职代表制在我国的可行性从不同角度加以论证并做一些初步探索     

方法论变迁视野中的动态利益集团形成理论

集团理论的重大发展和方法论的突破密切相关。多元主义理论深受行为主义的影响,认为社会结构的变迁促使具有共同利益的群体志愿组建利益集团。而集体行动理论采用理性分析的方法,认为人们在组建利益集团的集体行动过程中将遭遇"志愿失灵"。在多元主义和集体行动理论争论的基础上,动态利益集团形成理论开始关注社会稳定对集团政治的多重影响。     

市场秩序的产权制度基础

市场竞争并不必然导致市场秩序的紊乱。市场竞争中出现损人利己后果的重要原因是在不完善的市场条件下,市场主体实施机会主义行为的收益大于成本,从而出现市场秩序的紊乱。完善市场秩序要通过深化改革完善市场经济,其核心就是产权制度改革。产权制度的主要功能就是通过权利的界定来明确当事人从事某项交易活动的预期收益,从而规范市场交易行为。计划经济向市场经济转变的核心就是资源配置的等级规则向产权规则的演变。因此,产权关系明晰化就成为形成公平竞争市场秩序的基本制度条件。     

论公共利益的法律边界

界定公共利益的内涵,需要从公共利益的公共性、抽象性与政府关系的特殊性、非排他性以及相关性等特征入手,论证公共利益的法律边界,进而强调公共利益决策主体的多元性、政府代表公共利益的法治性以及捍卫公共利益的责任性。     

劳资关系的特点及其协调

在我国利益协调型的劳资关系构筑中,工会应充分发挥其代表维护和坚督,协调作用。     

利益认同：思想政治教育价值实现的基础

利益认同是思想政治教育存在和发展的前提，是实现思想政治教育价值的基础。在新形势下，要以利益认同为基础，促进思想政治教育价值的实现，就必须努力做到以下几点：一是加强义利观教育，引导人们正视各种利益关系；二是建立健全群众利益表达机制；三是从人民群众的切身利益出发，以实际行动全面满足人们合理的物质、精神生活需要。