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Our contribution to the expanding literature on the globalization of research and innovation is to investigate the extent
to which sector-specific developments in an emerging technology (such as increasing interdisciplinarity and complexity) affect
inventive activities developed abroad. We look at how technological diversity and scientific excellence of host countries
in the field of nanotechnology affect the development of inventive activities by US multinational companies (MNCs). We identify
the most active US-based MNCs in nanotechnology-related patenting and examine location decisions of these companies and their
international subsidiaries. Econometric results confirm our hypothesis that the technological breadth of host countries positively
influences the expected number of inventions developed abroad by US MNCs. Science capabilities of countries also have a positive
impact on the decision to invent abroad, while the influence of market specific factors is less clear. We interpret these
results as suggesting that host country science capabilities are important to attract innovative activities by MNCs, but as
the interdisciplinary and convergent nature of nanotechnology evolves, access to a broadly diversified knowledge base becomes
important in increasing the relative attractiveness of host locations.
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Philip ShapiraEmail: |
2.
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are science fields which are growing extremely dynamically. Germany occupies the top position
in Europe and is only second to the US worldwide, which can be attributed to growing research promotion by the state. Based
on a general conceptual framework on the role of different types of standards in the research process and technology life
cycle, we argue that the market success of nanotechnology applications depends very much on the development of corresponding
standards, which clarify not only terminology, measurement and testing methods, but also regulate safety and health aspects
and specify interfaces. Other countries, European and international standardisation organisations have launched first initiatives
rather early. However, Germany was not able to translate its excellent starting position in nanotechnology research into a
leading position in standardisation initiatives, which pave the way for future commercialisation of nanotechnology and also
the basis for the next generation of research activities. Based on a survey among stakeholders of German nanotechnology research,
we are able not only to provide a first empirical validation of our conceptual model on the role of standards in the research
process, but also to define the major problems at the interface between research and standardisation, and finally, to recommend
possible options for their solution.
相似文献
Knut BlindEmail: |
3.
Ronald N. Kostoff Raymond G. Koytcheff Clifford G. Y. Lau 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2008,33(5):472-484
The Applications literature associated with nanoscience and nanotechnology research was examined. About 65,000 nanotechnology records for 2005 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) (SCI (2006). Certain data included herein are derived from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index prepared by the Thomson Scientific®, Inc. (Thomson®), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) Through visual inspection of the Abstract phrases, all the diverse non-medical Applications were identified, and the relationships among the Applications, both direct and indirect, were obtained. The medical applications were identified through a fuzzy clustering process. Metrics associated with research literatures for specific Applications/Applications groups were generated. 相似文献
4.
Attention has increasingly shifted towards the long-run perspective on technological innovation, which suggests that progress
comes in waves, each one originating with a major breakthrough or general purpose technology (GPT). This paper seeks to assess
whether nanotechnology is likely to be (or become) a GPT, a characteristic that other researchers have sometimes assumed though
not necessarily documented. Based on a survey of existing literature, this paper will explore the extent to which nanotechnology
addresses three primary characteristics of a GPT: pervasiveness, innovation spawning, and scope for improvement. The paper
draws on patent and patent citation databases to highlight the types of quantitative and qualitative information that would
be necessary, and in some instances is still lacking, to characterize fully the nature of nanotechnology.
相似文献
Stuart GrahamEmail: |
5.
The Role of University Spinout Companies in an Emerging Technology: The Case of Nanotechnology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examines the role of university spin-out (USO) companies in the emergence of a new technology, in our case nanotechnology.
Three unique data-sets based on patents, co-publications, and firm data pertaining to the unfolding field of nanotechnology
in the UK were developed. Subsequent analysis suggests that USOs play an important though not a dominant role. Furthermore,
the results indicate that USOs in certain subfields of nanotechnology do not have a strong and growing proprietary technology
base, raising questions about the commercial sustainability of these ventures. Overall, we observed that USOs are important
contributors to technological change in specific subfields of nanotechnology, but that other actors, notably, large firms
and (non-university affiliated) new technology-based firms are even more significant agents of technological change. 相似文献
6.
The effect of the shape of semiconductor nanocrystals on their performance for visualising latent fingermarks was investigated for the first time. Highly luminescent CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals in rod and spherical shapes were synthesised in organic solvent and transferred to aqueous solution using ligand exchange. The 3-mercaptopropionic acid coated nanorods and nanospheres were characterised using electron microscopy and UV-visible absorbance and luminescence spectrophotometry. A simple and rapid development of fresh to less than a week-old natural fingermarks from 4 donors (male and female) on non-porous surfaces including glass slides, aluminium foil and germanium disks using both CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods and spherical dots was achieved, wherein nanorods demonstrated an enhanced development of ridge details in comparison to the spherical dots. 相似文献
7.
Christopher Palmberg 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2008,33(6):631-652
Nanotechnology has been proposed as the next general purpose technology and engine for growth for the 21th century. Increasing
public R&D investments are foremost reflected in the growth of scientific publications, while nanotechnology still is in an
uncertain phase of development with various directions of commercialization pending. This paper focuses on the challenges,
modes and outcomes of nanotechnology as an emerging science-based field in Finland. The paper contributes by interrogating
how challenges and modes of nanotechnology transfer differ across universities and companies and determine outcomes broadly
defined. It uses survey data covering university and company researchers in the Finnish nanotechnology community. The results
show significant differences in the perceptions of researchers across these organisations, and highlight specific challenges
and modes as determinants of outcomes. The specificities of nanotechnology are also assessed.
相似文献
Christopher PalmbergEmail: |
8.
Nanotechnology has attracted significant research, funding, and policy activity in recent years in the US and many other countries.
Of particular interest are the locational characteristics of this emerging technology. This study examines the emergence of
nanotechnology in the US South to explore questions of regional standing and spatial trajectory, using an exploratory multi-indicator
approach. Our research employs an array of 10 indicators of knowledge generation, human capital, R&D funding, and patenting,
to uncover developments, clusters, and linkages in nanotechnology emergence. Results indicate that although there is nanotechnology
activity in every state in the US South, this activity agglomerates in a few locations. One emerging nanodistrict (North Carolina’s
Research Triangle) has prior strengths in high technology research and commercialization, especially based on biotechnology;
but other districts (e.g., Oak Ridge Tennessee and Atlanta, Georgia) that have strengths in certain aspects of the nanotechnology
research ecosystem have weaknesses in commercialization. The study illustrates how multi-indicator approaches can be developed
from existing databases, using customized search techniques, and how the insights from multi-indicator measurement can be
used to provide insights for research and innovation policy.
相似文献
Philip ShapiraEmail: |
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