Public health measures against neonatal tetanus on the island of Vestmannaeyjar (Iceland) during the 19th century

The article presents a study of neonatal tetanus on the tiny island of Vestmannaeyjar (Iceland) during the 18th and 19th centuries. At an early date, Vestmannaeyjar was known for its high levels of mortality from neonatal tetanus. This appalling mortality is analysed, inter alia, on the basis of parish registers at the individual family level. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, more than three out of four newborns on the island died during the first 2weeks of life. At the beginning of the 19th century, Icelandic and Danish authorities had already showed great interest in improving infant survival on Vestmannaeyjar. In 1827 a physician was appointed to the island and by the late 1840s the disease was successfully fought on the island. The achievement on Vestmannaeyjar is a good example of how the sanitary movement was able to bring about important improvements in infant survival long before the breakthrough of the bacteriological revolution.     

表达破伤风毒素C片段的重组鼠伤寒沙门菌的构建与鉴定

为构建表达破伤风毒素C片段基因的减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌,将编码破伤风毒素C片段的基因插入到asd 的组成型表达载体pYA3333,转化asd基因突变的E.coliX6212,获得重组质粒pYA3333-TetC,再将重组质粒通过电穿孔法转入宿主菌,构建成表达破伤风毒素C片段基因的平衡致死的鼠伤寒沙门菌X4550(pYA3333-TetC)。免疫印迹试验证实,该重组菌表达的蛋白与预期的目的蛋白一致。重组菌X4550(pYA3333-TetC)的稳定性试验表明,在体外培养100代后,随机挑选的重组菌落全部都能生长,重组菌X4550(pYA3333-TetC)的生长曲线测定表明,X4550(pYA3333-TetC)和X4550(pYA3333)的生长状态基本一致。动物试验证明,该重组菌是安全的,破伤风毒素攻击后能提供良好的保护作用。     

Public health measures against neonatal tetanus on the island of Vestmannaeyjar (Iceland) during the 19th century

The article presents a study of neonatal tetanus on the tiny island of Vestmannaeyjar (Iceland) during the 18th and 19th centuries. At an early date, Vestmannaeyjar was known for its high levels of mortality from neonatal tetanus. This appalling mortality is analysed, inter alia, on the basis of parish registers at the individual family level. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, more than three out of four newborns on the island died during the first 2 weeks of life. At the beginning of the 19th century, Icelandic and Danish authorities had already showed great interest in improving infant survival on Vestmannaeyjar. In 1827 a physician was appointed to the island and by the late 1840s the disease was successfully fought on the island. The achievement on Vestmannaeyjar is a good example of how the sanitary movement was able to bring about important improvements in infant survival long before the breakthrough of the bacteriological revolution.     

降黄散熏蒸治疗湿热内蕴型新生儿黄疸55例

目的 观察降黄散熏蒸治疗湿热内蕴型新生儿黄疸的临床疗效及安全性。方法 将110例黄疸新生儿按区组随机法分为治疗组和对照组,每组55例。两组患儿均接受蓝光照射,治疗组加用降黄散熏蒸治疗,对照组加用茵栀黄颗粒口服,均治疗5 d,观察两组临床疗效及安全性。结果 两组临床疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗后两组患儿血清总胆红素水平均较治疗前明显降低（P＜0.05）,两组治疗前后血清总胆红素差值比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗组患儿黄疸消退时间较对照组明显缩短（P＜0.05）,不良反应发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 降黄散熏蒸治疗湿热内蕴型新生儿黄疸具有黄疸消退时间短、不良反应少、疗效显著的优势。