水通道蛋白-4研究进展及法医学意义

头颅创伤、脑卒中、脑肿瘤、缺血性脑损伤、出血性脑损伤均伴有脑水肿的发生，严重者可危及患者生命甚至造成死亡。水通道蛋白-4（Aquaporin-4）作为主要在脑组织中表达的水通道蛋白，起着调节脑内水转运的重要功能，参与脑水肿的病理生理过程，提示研究水通道蛋白-4表达水平可能为法医学外伤性脑损伤时间推断提供新的依据。     

化痰降气胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型大鼠影像学的影响

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)模型大鼠及化痰降气胶囊治疗后影像学的变化.方法:采用气管内注入脂多糖加熏香烟复合刺激法复制大鼠COPD模型.治疗组4周后给药,6周后各组摄片.结果:呼吸频率各组相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01);各组横膈前肋、横膈后肋、肋间隙积分比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01);横膈前肋积分,模型组与治疗组相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论:COPD大鼠有明显的肺气肿影像学表现,化痰降气胶囊对COPD大鼠的影像学有较为明显的改善作用.     

铁在自由基介导的脑水肿中的作用

利用冷冻制成家兔局灶性脑损伤，术后２、８、１２及２４小时处死动物。测定脑组织中铁、水、脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）水平．结果表明，术后脑组织中铁、水及ＬＰＯ含量均显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＳＯＤ活性则显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。且铁含量的升高与水含量及ＬＰＯ含量的升高有着显著的相关关系。说明铁在自由基介导的脑脂质过氧化及脑水肿的发生发展中起着重要作用。     

人体颅脑贯通枪创后心肌和肺的超微结构观察

本文报告6例人体颅脑贯通枪创后2小时所取心肌和肺的超微结构变化。6例心肌及肺的超微结构基本相似。心肌最明显的变化是:Z 带排列不规则,灶性肌原迁维溶解,线粒体肿胀、基质电子密度降低和嵴消失,间质水肿。肺组织的明显变化是肺泡隔和肺间质增宽伴电子密度降低,肺泡隔毛细血管内中性粒细胞聚集,肺间质或肺泡腔内中性粒细胞浸润。本文对主要病理变化的意义和发生原理进行了讨论,认为肺间质水肿与神经源性肺水肿有关,由于伤后经过时间长短不同或有无颅内高压形成,而出现间质性水肿或肺泡内水肿。心肌的变化与缺氧有关。     

The association between body mass index and pulmonary thromboembolism in an autopsy population

Abstract: To evaluate the association between obesity and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in a forensic context, 160 autopsy cases of fatal PTE were compared with age‐ and gender‐matched controls. The mean age of cases was 66 years (range 26–98 years; M/F 74:86). The mean body mass index (BMI) of cases with PTE was 30.88 (range 14.95–79.51), which was significantly higher than in the controls (mean BMI = 25.33; range 12.49–61.84) (p < 0.0001). Comparing the group with PTE with controls showed that five (3.1%) compared to 20 (12.5%) were underweight, 39 (24.4%) compared to 67 (41.88%) were of normal weight, 49 (30.63%) compared to 43 (26.88%) were overweight, 43 (26.88%) compared to 24 (15%) were obese, and 24 (15.0%) compared to six (3.75%) were morbidly obese. In each category of above‐normal BMIs, there were significantly greater numbers in the groups with PTE: overweight (p < 0.01), obese (p < 0.001), and morbidly obese (p < 0.0001).     

肺动脉血栓栓塞的法医学鉴定

本文通过对相关文献的回顾,从病因学、病理学及法医学实践方面对肺动脉血栓栓塞作出总结,希望对临床医生及法医学工作者提供一些帮助.     

Brain Fluid Content Related to Body Position and Postmortem Interval – An Animal Model

Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were euthanized and placed in a horizontal or vertical (head‐down) position at room temperature, after which brain fluid content was measured by a moisture analysis technique at variable time points. No significant difference in brain fluid content was observed between horizontal and vertical postmortem positions. A significant increase in brain fluid content was demonstrated 3, 6, and 24 h after death, with maximal fluid content observed at 24 h. Specifically, the brain fluid content of control animals was 77.79 ± 0.36%, increasing to 80.05 ± 0.22% at 24 h (p < 0.0001). This study has demonstrated no significant differences in brain fluid content related to postmortem position, suggesting that a head‐down position is not associated with increased brain fluid content or swelling. However, significant temporal increases in brain fluid content after death, most likely related to cerebral liquefaction, occur.     

黄牛脑水通道蛋白4的表达及其对高原脑水肿的易感性

为了探讨黄牛对高原脑水肿的易感性,并为青藏高原养牛业提供参考,运用免疫组织化学SABC染色法并采用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件,对成年黄牛大脑不同功能区水通道蛋白4(AQP4)的表达及分布特征进行了研究。结果显示,黄牛不同功能区脑组织中AQP4表达面积(S)和积分光密度(IOD)值的大小顺序为S扣带回>S中央前回>S丘脑>S尾状核,IOD扣带回>IOD中央前回>IOD丘脑>IOD尾状核,且扣带回和中央前回的S和IOD值均显著高于丘脑和尾状核(P<0.01)。结果证实,成年黄牛脑不同功能区、同功能区不同层及同功能区同层不同类型细胞对水的通透性及代谢功能存在较大差异,对脑水肿的易感性是不同的。     

Forensic evaluation of sudden death due to tuberculosis

Abstract:  The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses a major threat to TB control efforts. We report a case of a 50-year-old man with pulmonary TB. The scene investigation had initially suspected for homicide; however, the result of medico-legal autopsy demonstrated natural cause of death. Statistical data suggest that the rates of national mortality by respiratory TB decreased in the last decades in Hungary; however, an increasing TB mortality was detected in the capital Budapest. Facing a new mortality trend in TB, the forensic scene investigation and determination of manner of death represent new challenges for practitioners.     

参七虫草胶囊对肺纤维化大鼠肺组织基质金属蛋白酶-9及基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1表达的影响

目的 探究参七虫草胶囊治疗肺纤维化的机制。方法 将80只雄性SD大鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、泼尼松组、参七虫草胶囊组,每组20只。采用博莱霉素气管内滴注法复制肺纤维化模型。给药后15、30 d,分别观察各组大鼠肺组织病理变化,并采用免疫组织化学方法检测肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metalloproteinases-9,MMP-9)和基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1（issue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,TIMP-1）的表达水平。结果 与模型组比较,参七虫草胶囊组、泼尼松组大鼠各时点肺泡炎性反应和肺纤维化程度明显减轻,各时点泼尼松组、参七虫草胶囊组肺组织MMP-9、TIMP-1表达水平显著降低（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。结论 参七虫草胶囊抑制肺纤维化早期肺泡的炎性反应与其降低肺组织MMP-9、TIMP-1表达水平有关。