东北振兴政策实践效果评价与政策启示——基于全要素生产率增长的全国比较

通过利用马奎斯特(DEA-Malmquist)指数计算得到我国各省的全要素生产率增长及其构成,对比分析东北三省与全国各省的计算情况,发现2003~2007年我国东北振兴政策实践未达到理想效果,提出东北振兴政策的一个重点指向就是对技术研发与创新、资源节约和生产要素高效利用进行大力支持。     

从全球化浪潮看社会主义前景

现代化是人类社会全方位、宽领域、多层面的改天换地的巨变.全球化是把人类实现现代化的成果全面推广、扩展到全球的各个国家和地区.资本主义现代化和全球化的三次浪潮,固然使世界面貌发生了大变化,但是也造成了大灾难.全球化浪潮是以新科技革命为原动力,新生产力革命为主动力,是不可抗拒的客观历史进程,对于社会主义者和社会主义国家,既是挑战又是机遇.在全球化浪潮下,未来社会主义将具有五个新特点.只要我们能够正确应对,经过长期坚持不懈的努力,必然实现世界社会主义和社会主义全球化.     

中国式分权下的地方政府竞争对FDI技术溢出效应的影响

中国式分权的典型特点是以政治集权为实施背景,政治经济双重激励下各地方政府针对FDI展开激烈的优惠政策竞争,这些竞争会通过降低流入外资质量或提高外资企业相对竞争力的方式影响FDI的技术溢出效应。本文利用1995--2006年省级动态面板数据考察了分税制改革后财政分权对FDI技术溢出效应的影响。研究发现,FDI可以显著提高我国全要素生产率水平,但财政分权带来的恶性引资竞争会阻碍这种促进作用;分地区回归表明,东部地区地方政府竞争不会阻碍FDI对技术进步的促进作用;西部地区引资质量较低,FDI会阻碍区内生产率水平提高,并且地方政府竞争会加剧这种阻碍作用。     

What's Different about Exporters? Evidence from Colombian Manufacturing

Using a large panel of Colombian manufacturing plants, this paper finds that exporters are significantly larger, more capital intensive, have higher labour productivity, and pay higher wages than nonexporters three years before exporting for the first time. The differential in performance increases in the years leading to entry in the export market. After entry, sales, employment, and the proportion of skilled workers in the labour force keep growing significantly faster for exporters, but the growth of labour productivity and capital intensity is indistinguishable for exporters and nonexporters.     

The Third Way: the Dutch experience

The Third Way in the Netherlands rests upon the institutionalized co-operation between the trade unions, the employers' organizations and the state. During the period of high unemployment in the 1980s this co-operation led to several agreements to moderate wage costs and to reduce statutory working hours with the object of reducing unemployment. In the 1990s,when labour became scarce, new measures were agreed upon to increase participation in the labour market and to boost productivity. Critics of the agreements suggest that the policies adopted by the socio-economic partners in the 1980s, particularly the moderation of wages and the reduction of work time to create more jobs, have a negative effect on the long-term prospects of attaining higher productivity.     

Water Privatization in Spain

Abstract

Water management in Spain is submitted to a non‐uniform geographical and seasonal distribution of water resources. The non‐uniform distribution of resources is worsened by the non‐uniform allocation of demand (mainly irrigation and urban). Because that, water supply, aquifers, and wetlands are driven to a high risk. Even though, there are examples of good water management, as is shown for the private industrial productivity of used water. Spain has a very long tradition in public water management (first water law in 1879) at different levels from ministry to municipalities, including users communities. A lot of these organisations are anchored in very old ways of doing, given private sector the opportunity to enter and grow up. A survey about it is presented. In the management of urban water, there are different organisations involved: central administration; autonomic, regional and metropolitan authorities; urban water suppliers and the sanitation authority. The recently approved changes in the former Spanish Water Law, limiting water rights and introducing water market, the new and expected Hydrological National Plan and the European Framework Directive, reinforce the opportunities of the private sector to enter, giving financial resources, technological advances and quick answers to new social concepts in water managerial procedures. We can observe how the Spanish administration uses private water suppliers' front desks to collect taxes and to supply capital to invest in infrastructures and water technology. The question that needs to be addressed is the nature and the impact of the privatisation process in Spain. The unrealistic water urban services price in Spain has been studied and it is presented and evaluated by regions, presenting a deficit to be covered in the future and been a significant gross value of the future business, which invite private sector to participate in. To give a general scope over the evolution of the roll played by the private and public sector, the case of Catalonia, the more evolved autonomous region of Spain in water management, is presented as an example of the future for the rest of the country.     

经济增长的因素分析——基于中国的经验研究

实证分析表明,现阶段影响中国经济增长的各要素中,物质资本的贡献率仍然最大,而R&D投入、人力资本和外商直接投资对中国经济增长的贡献率相对较小.因此,努力提升人力资本、市场化改革等非物质资本对经济增长的贡献份额是下一阶段我国经济增长要竭力解决的难题.     

论"社会革命"

本文对经典作家提出的"社会革命的时代"这一历史概念进行了理论思考,界定了"社会革命"和"政治革命"的区别,阐明了社会革命的动力及社会革命时代的特征.这将有助于我们加强对人类社会发展过程中一些重要阶段的理解,弄清过渡时期的社会特征,判断过渡时期的未来归属,进一步推动社会革命的尽早结束.     

提升警察生产力--论我国控制犯罪思路的重构

我国目前实行的控制犯罪的单一反应模式,即犯罪增长导致警力增加,在科学性及合理性方面尚存疑点.随着现代警政哲学的产生,警察与犯罪之间的关系问题得到了全新的审视,因此,摆脱单纯依赖增加警察数量以控制犯罪的倾向,朝注重提升警察生产力、合理整合现有警察资源以有效控制犯罪的方向转变实属必要.提升警察生产力,在警察人力资源运用方面做出新的探索,是我国未来控制犯罪的重要技术策略.     

Accumulating Technology and Location Spillovers Among Firms in Taiwan's Electronics Industry

Using firm-level panel data from the Taiwanese Census of Manufactures for 1986 and 1991 in the context of a modified selection model, we focus on three activities that contribute to the productivity growth of firms in the electronics industry: research and development, direct foreign investment and exports. In particular we address the issue of whether, in addition to the direct benefits of these activities, there are spillovers to other firms within the same four-digit industry or within the same geographical county. Our empirical results indicate that while the survival and direct productivity growth effects of R&D, exports and DFI are positive and statistically significant, intra-industry and geographical spillover effects are consistently present only for the export activity. That is, a firm's expected future TFP is positively and significantly affected by being located in a county and industry with more export activity. In addition, there is some evidence that the indirect effects generated by DFI firms, in the form of location spillover benefits to other firms, are also positive and significant. Finally, the empirical results indicate that the above direct and indirect benefits of the technological activities under study accrue principally to Taiwan's small and medium enterprises, rather than its large firms.