DNATyper^TM15试剂盒的法医学应用研究

目的研究DNATyper^TM15试剂盒在法医学中的应用。方法共收集60种8137份检材,在34个实验室,用5种不同方法提取DNA,使用DNATyperTM15试剂盒与2种同类进口试剂扩增并对比检测。结果DNATyperTM15试剂盒对不同提取方法、检材种类、扩增与检测仪器、操作环境、操作人员等均具有适应性。结论DNATyperTM15试剂盒能够用于法医学检验鉴定。     

抗人Tf及抗人Hb试剂盒的比较

目的研究比较抗人Tf(转铁蛋白)和抗人Hb(血红蛋白)试剂盒的实验方法。方法采用胶体金标记单克隆抗体结合免疫层析技术,对不同稀释度的人血、动物血进行检测,并对保存时间、溶解度等影响因素进行研究。结果抗人Tf和抗人Hb试剂盒同样具有简单、快速、灵敏、稳定、特异性好的优点,但抗人Tf试剂盒能检测出陈旧及难以溶解血痕。结论抗人Tf试剂盒适用于法医物证的血痕种属检验。     

PuriTyper~(TM)法医学纯化试剂盒的性能验证

目的验证PuriTyperTM纯化试剂盒各项性能指标和法医学应用价值。方法收集及制备抗凝血液、常见案件检材(唾液、烟头、精液、毛发、指甲、骨骼及组织块)、斑痕样本(血斑、唾液斑、精斑)以及模拟添加抑制剂和模仿自然环境中放置的血斑。采用PuriTyperTM纯化试剂盒提取纯化并进行DNA定量,IdentifilerTM复合扩增试剂盒扩增,产物经ABI 3130遗传分析仪进行检测,Genemapper软件分析结果,对该试剂盒灵敏度、稳定性、重复性、检材适应性进行测试。结果采用该试剂盒提取0.1～40μL血液分别获得0.042～26.45ng/μL的DNA。3种斑痕样本DNA产量平行试验结果稳定。不同类型检材重复检验所获IPC的CT平均值在27.60至28.03之间。常见案件检材所得分型与已知结果均一致。结论 PuriTyperTM纯化试剂盒能够满足法医DNA检验的要求,对法医学实践具有重要的应用价值。     

Faster and as Satisfying: An Evaluation of Alaska's Early Resolution Triage Program

The Alaska Court Early Resolution Program (ERP) addresses many issues – self‐representation in divorce and custody cases, triaging to determine the appropriate resolution approach, the importance of early intervention and the desire to use a simplified process and a problem‐solving approach. This article reports on an evaluation of the Anchorage ERP. It found different outcomes for ERP cases that settled than comparable cases that proceeded on the regular trial process track with respect to the following outcomes:

• time to disposition,
• number of staff processing steps and associated completion time, and
• number of motions to modify filed within two years of the disposition.

     

Mitochondrial DNA Extraction from Burial Soil Samples at Incremental Distances: A Preliminary Study

Preservation variance of soil DNA is neglected in the literature, and exceptional cases exaggerate amplification capabilities. This study sought to amplify a short mitochondrial fragment (212 bp) specific to Sus scrofa domesticus from the soil surrounding decomposing pig remains from an open‐air locale. Samples collected above the body at incremental distances after 145 days of initial placement yielded pig DNA. A secondary sampling was collected in 2017, approximately 768 days after burial. Inhibition tests corroborated that pig DNA was no longer present in the soil resulting in a loss of original DNA between 145 and 768 days. The results provide evidence that genetic material leaches out radially from the source and DNA fragments longer than 200 bp do not persist in soil for a relatively short timeframe in western Montana. The conclusions support the collection of soil in crime scene investigation procedures within the first few months of decomposition.     

M48磁珠法和Chelex-100法提取脱落细胞DNA的初步比较

目的对M48磁珠法和Chelex-100法提取脱落细胞DNA的检验效果进行比较,为优化提取方法提供参考。方法选取案件受理检材50例烟蒂、50例纺织物品、50例作案工具,根据不同条件分别用吸附法、沾附法获得DNA,采用磁珠法（M48）和Chelex-100法提取后,常规STR检测。结果烟蒂类检材采用2种方法提取DNA,所得结果没有明显差异;纺织物品和作案工具上脱落细胞DNA的提取采用M48磁珠法提取的效果明显优于Chelex-100法。结论相对而言,M48磁珠法更具优势。     

Anthropological analyses of 30 insertion/deletion autosomal markers in five major ethnic groups of Pakistan

We investigated the forensic efficacy of the 30 insertion/deletion (Indel) markers included in the Qiagen Investigator® DIPplex kit in 529 Pakistani individuals from five major subpopulations in Pakistan (Punjabi, Pashtun, Sindhi, Saraiki, and Baloch). In the Sindhi population, the distribution of HLD81 and HLD97 alleles deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. The combined match probability ranged from 2.0E-12 (Pashtun and Baloch) to 1.0E-12 (Sindhi), and the mean paternity exclusion power varied from 0.995 (Punjabi, Sindhi, and Saraiki) to 0.996 (Pashtun and Baloch). The high combined power of discrimination (0.999 999 999 999 97) and low combined match probability (1.7E-12) for all subpopulations studied support the utility of the 30 Indel markers for forensic identification in the studied subpopulations. The allele frequencies of the Indel markers in the Pakistani subpopulations were compared with those from 18 other populations. The results show that the populations clustered according to geography. The subpopulations investigated in this work showed a close genetic relationship with others from Pakistan, as well as with South Central Asian and Middle Eastern populations. The results suggest that the Investigator^® DIPplex kit can be useful as a supplementary tool for human identification in the five Pakistani subpopulations investigated in this study.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1933366 .     

A Y‐Chromosomal Haplotype with Two Short Tandem Repeat Mutations*

Abstract:  The male‐specific Y‐chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) is a useful tool in forensic casework. The Y haplotype comprised of 16 loci, which is amplified simultaneously by AmpFlSTR^® Yfiler^TM PCR kit and provides strong exculpatory evidence in individual identification. We reported a rare Y‐STR profile with a null allele at the DYS448 locus and an off‐ladder allele at the DYS456 locus, when genotyping material from a vaginal swab in an alleged rape case. Sequence analysis revealed that the DYS448 null allele was a true type of null allele because of a total deletion of 11 upstream repeats and 9 bp of the N₄₂ region, and there were numerous primer binding site mutations as well. The amplicon of the DYS456 locus was a small 92‐bp fragment that was off‐ladder, and sequencing analysis showed that there were only 10 repeats (AGAT)₁₀. This Y chromosome haplotype that was comprised of two variations provided helpful evidence for personal identification.