论刑事和解在我国司法实践中的完善——以恢复正义理论为视角

近年来,肇始于西方的刑事和解成为了我国刑事法理论界和实务界研究的热点,司法机关更是对其进行了试点并取得了一定的成绩。由于对刑事和解内涵的把握存在一定的偏差,实践中司法机关大多把金钱赔偿作为实现加害人与被害人和解的唯一手段,致使公众对刑事和解不甚了解。以恢复正义理论为视角,从提倡和解手段的多样性、鼓励社区参加刑事和解程序和设立司法机关监督下的独立的调解机构等方面入手,对完善我国司法实践中的刑事和解大有裨益。     

刑事和解借鉴之分析

刑事和解是一种新型的刑事司法关系。我国借鉴刑事和解制度的依据在于刑事和解可以更好地解决特定类型刑事案件中行为人的责任。借鉴刑事和解制度并不会弱化预防功能,也不违背法律面前人人平等的原则。目前借鉴刑事和解制度有利因素与不利因素并存,但不利因素并非刑事和解自身的弊端。应该以既积极又谨慎的态度看待刑事和解借鉴。     

Restorative justice and probation decisions – an analysis of intentional assault cases in China

The restorative justice model focuses on amending offender-victim relations. Compared to Western countries, China's criminal justice policy has relied on both formal and informal mechanisms in dealing with criminal offending. Recently a victim-offender reconciliation (VOR) program has been codified in China to provide incentives for offenders and victims to resolve their disputes through court-guided mediation sessions. Using restorative justice as an interpretive framework and drawing upon 1000 minor intentional assault cases, this study examines the impact of core VOR concepts on probation decisions. Our analysis suggests that offender compensation and attitude were significantly related to the likelihood of receiving probation, and the defense attorney played an unexpected yet impactful role in shaping judges’ probation decisions. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.     

刑事和解的法律冲突与衡平

作为被害人保护的一种制度，刑事和解逐渐成为各国解决刑事纠纷的有效机制，但也面临着诸如私力救济和公力救济之间，法律面前人人平等原则和同罪不同罚之间的矛盾。对于我国刑事司法制度的引进与构建而言，有必要从深层次上探索这些冲突和矛盾问题。从我国现实考察，可以看出无论从历史传统、现实的刑事案件的压力以及国际环境，都具备了确立刑事和解制度的条件。但是，应当确立一定的程序和规则，使刑事和解制度在规范的轨道上运行。