Observer determination of the make,model, and year of questioned vehicles

Often, criminal acts involving a vehicle are caught on digital video surveillance systems. While potentially useful for an investigation, the recording conditions are typically less than optimal for the extraction of key information for the identification of the perpetrator, such as a license plate. Providing the make, model and year of a questioned vehicle is a common request for examiners, to narrow the field of potential suspect vehicles. This study seeks to compare the performance of a nonpeer-reviewed make, model, and year determination between two separate groups, specifically, trained forensic image examiners and nontrained individuals. Results show that even with varied image capture conditions and quality, the trained forensic image examiners more correctly and completely identified the test group of questioned vehicles make, model, and year.     

冠心病猝死心肌肌动蛋白缺失的免疫组织化学定量研究

应用免疫组织化学LSAB法和图像处理系统，对德国慕尼黑大学法医学研究所1994年尸检冠心病猝死和对照组病例（各15例）的心肌肌动蛋白缺失情况进行定量研究。发现冠心病猝死病例心肌纤维内有明显的肌动蛋白缺失，是大小不一，多发、散在分布；对照组无或仅局限性小灶状缺失。将检测结果定量分析比较，其差异非常显著，说明重度冠状动脉粥样硬化患者是否冠心病猝死，其心肌肌动蛋白缺失的范围和程度有明显差异，冠心病猝死和对照组病例心肌肌动蛋白缺失的差异具有诊断意义，而形态定量分析能较客观准确地反映心肌纤维内肌动蛋白缺失量的变化。     

青少年肩关节X线片的骨龄研究

目的探讨青少年肩关节X线影像与年龄间的关系。方法对太原地区267名年龄在12～22岁的青少年拍摄肩关节X线片,根据X线片上的不同年龄特征,筛选出5个与年龄变化密切相关的影像标志点,进行分级评分,提出了肩关节X线片判定年龄的观察指标及分级标准,并使用SPSS包进行数据处理,建立了利用肩关节X线片判定青少年年龄的判别方程。结果判别方程y=9.517+0.518x1+0.913x2+0.465x3+0.436x4经方差分析,F>0.01,回归高度显著。将全部样本进行计算机方程回代检验,符合率为±1S72.01%,±2S96.3%,其结果达到了设计与统计学要求。方程具有实用价值。结论本项研究证实了青少年肩关节X线影像与年龄之间存在相关关系,并为司法鉴定时根据肩关节X线片判断年龄提供依据,同时也为人类学研究积累了资料。     

人心肌梗死心肌肌钙蛋白T脱失的免疫组化观察

目的 观察人梗死心肌中心肌肌钙蛋白T的脱失情况，探讨其在人心肌梗死死后诊断中的应用价值。方法 应用免疫组化LSAB法，对人心肌梗死心肌肌钙蛋白T的脱失情况观察。结果 人梗死心肌肌钙蛋白T有明显脱失，通过计算机图像分析显示，人梗死心肌肌钙蛋白T的脱失面积与正常人心肌之间存在显著性差异(P＜0.01)。结论 心肌肌钙蛋白T(CTnT)可能成为人心肌梗死的诊断指标之一。     

Postmortem Computed Tomography in Firearm Homicides: A Retrospective Case Series,

Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is integrated into the evaluation of decedents in several American medical examiner offices and medicolegal death investigative centers in many other countries. We retrospectively investigated the value of PMCT in a series of firearm homicide cases from a statewide centralized medical examiner’s office that occurred during 2016. Autopsies were performed or supervised by board-certified forensic pathologists who reviewed the PMCT scans prior to autopsy. PMCT scans were re-evaluated by a forensic radiologist blinded to the autopsy findings and scored by body region (head–neck, thoracoabdominal, and extremities). Injury discrepancies were scored using a modified Goldman classification and analyzed with McNemar’s test. We included 60 males and 20 females (median age 31 years, range 3–73). Based on PMCT, 56 (79.1%) cases had injuries relevant to the cause of death in a single body region (24 head–neck region, 32 thoracoabdominal region). Out of these 56 cases, 9 had a missed major diagnosis by PMCT outside that region, including 6 extremity injuries visible during standard external examination. Yet all had evident lethal firearm injury. We showed that PMCT identifies major firearm injuries in homicide victims and excludes injuries related to the cause of death in other regions when a single body region is injured. Although PMCT has a known limited sensitivity for soft tissue and vascular pathology, it can be combined with external examination to potentially reduce or focus dissections in some of these cases depending on the circumstances and medicolegal needs.     

Nondestructive Differentiation of Polyester Single White Fibers Using Synchrotron Radiation Microbeam X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry with Vertical Focusing

In this study, the nondestructive differentiation of individual white polyester clothing fibers was accomplished via synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray fluorescence (SR-μ-XRF) analysis. SR-μ-XRF with vertical focusing is a useful nondestructive method for the analysis of a single polyester clothing fiber. Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirror was used to vertically focus 20 keV X-rays for the analysis of 22 individual white polyester fibers taken from clothing commonly sold in Japan. SR-μ-XRF with a vertical focused 2 μm (V) × 300 μm (H) beam was approximately 12.8 times more sensitive than SR-XRF with an unfocused 300 μm (V) × 300 μm (H) beam for the detection of elements in single fibers. The minimum detection limits (MDLs) of the SR-μ-XRF method were 8.15 ppm for Cl and 0.06 ppm for Br. In addition to Ti in TiO₂ delustering agents, Zr and Nb impurities in the delustering agents were detected in individual fibers. Sb from a polymerization catalyst and Co from a transesterification catalyst were also detected in individual fibers. Comparing the Ti K_β/Sb L_α,β and Zr K_α/Nb K_α X-ray intensity ratios was a useful way to distinguish individual clothing fibers, and 98% of the fibers were differentiated when additional trace elements were used as discrimination indicators.     

试论警察形象建设

人民警察的形象代表着公安机关乃至整个政府工作机关的形象。加强警察形象建设刻不容缓，要妥善处理好建设警察文化、警察道德、强化警察管理、提高警察素质的关系，努力提升人民警察在人民群众心中的形象。     

主流媒体上的“80后”形象研究——对中国14种主要报纸的内容分析

本文运用内容分析法,研究了2003年至2008年《人民日报》等14种中国有影响力的报纸上以"80后"为标题的681个文本。发现"80后"的媒介形象有一个变化过程,"80后"从最初特指青春写手到泛指20世纪80年代以后出生的一代人,描写特征从"另类"到"个性、自我",再到"自信、社会责任感、爱国",从"垮掉的一代"到"鸟巢一代"。大部分媒体的报道呈现出多元化的观点,但也有刻板印象的痕迹。     

人脾脏细胞核DNA含量与死亡时间关系的图像分析

目的研究人脾脏细胞DNA含量改变与死亡时间的关系。方法选取36例已知死亡时间的人体脾脏,在死后5～36h内逐时进行细胞学涂片、Feulgen Vans染色观察,并用图像分析系统,测定脾脏细胞核积分光密度、平均灰度等灰度参数,所得数据用SPSS软件分析。结果在5～36h内平均光密度、积分光密度、平均灰度均值均与死亡时间显著性相关,并得出对应的回归方程,其中平均光密度、积分光密度随死亡时间的延长而逐渐减小、平均灰度逐渐增大。结论人脾脏细胞核DNA含量改变呈现一定规律,与死亡时间明显相关。     

Chemical trace XRF analysis to detect sharp force trauma in fresh and burned bone

Forensic anthropologists may not always be able to differentiate heat-induced fractures from fractures with other aetiologies, namely sharp force traumas, with clear nefarious impact on medico-legal conclusions. The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate if blade chemical traces are transferred to defleshed bone tissue and if they remain there after a burning event. This was accomplished by prompting sharp force traumas in 20 macerated fresh pig ribs with five different instruments, namely a stainless steel knife, an artisanal knife and a ceramic kitchen knife, a small axe and a large axe. Another pig rib was used as control, not being subjected to any trauma. All instruments were probed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to establish the composition of each blade. Bone samples, both pre-burned and post-burned (at 500 °C, 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C), were then probed by XRF. All sharp force instruments left detectable chemical traces on pre-burned bone, although not in all samples. Furthermore, traces were still detected after experimental burning in most cases. Potentially, XRF can provide relevant information about the aetiology of fractures in burned and unburned bones, although the effect of soft tissues and diagenesis must still be investigated.