铁路餐饮服务许可管理存在问题探讨

为贯彻落实国家六部委制定的《铁路运营食品安全管理办法》,规范铁路餐饮服务和食品流通许可工作,原铁道部制定了《铁路餐饮服务和食品流通许可管理办法》。但在执行过程中,发现在许可的条件、提交的材料、现场核查与结果判定、撤销许可的情形等方面存在问题,在此提出讨论。     

Comparative analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-hydroxyvalerate using GC/MS and HPLC

This paper describes two analytical techniques used to separate and quantify gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gamma-hydroxyvalerate (GHV). The first technique was a N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)triflouro-acetimide-trimethylchlorosilane derivatization, followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis using an HP-5 capillary column at a rate of 1.0 mL/min with a run time of 9.25 min. This technique was found to be sensitive (LOD 1 pg on column) and gave a low average error (5%) in a beverage study. When supplemented by a surrogate spike, the method yielded 97% analyte recovery from beverages. The second technique was high-performance liquid chromatography/UV (HPLC/UV) using a C-18 column with a (20:80% v/v) methanol:dibasic phosphoric buffer (10 mM, pH 3) at a rate of 1.00 mL/min with a run time of 7.5 min. UV detection occurred at 254 nm. This method was found to be less sensitive (LOD 0.05 microg on column) for direct analysis of aqueous samples. To remove interferences seen in the beverage study, a liquid-liquid extraction before HPLC analysis was tested. However, a decreased sensitivity (LOD 100 microg on column) and irreproducible peak profiles resulted.     

海淀区餐饮业举报投诉风险干预试验效果研究简

目的：本文通过分析海淀区餐饮业举报投诉案件资料,确定了当前餐饮业投诉举报的主要风险点,经过详细专家论证及实践讨论,将风险点量化评分,并采取相应干预措施,跟踪调查和效果评价,找出有效的干预措施,为改进监督执法方式、加强对餐饮业的检查指导针对性、提高其食品卫生安全水平提供了可行性建议。方法：设计问卷,进行餐饮企业举报投诉风险的干预试验,在干预试验前后对餐饮企业的2次调查结果分别进行风险评分,并对餐饮企业进行总体风险量化评分的对比,以观察干预的效果。结果：初步建立了餐饮业投诉举报风险评估的指标体系,确立风险等级。结论：此方法和指标体系的建立,为餐饮业卫生监督部门加强餐饮业投诉举报的处理提供了建议和参考;为实现餐饮业投诉举报风险的早期预警提供了科学数据和技术支持。     

北京市海淀区餐饮服务活动行政处罚案176例分析

通过分析餐饮服务行政处罚案例,找出《食品安全法》颁布后餐饮服务经营活动中发生的违法问题,为提高行政机关执法能力提供依据。本文分别从违法主体的类别、行政处罚种类、违法行为案由三方面对北京市海淀区卫生局卫生监督所2009年6月至2010年10月期间餐饮服务活动行政处罚案卷进行结构化统计分析,共有处罚案件176起。统计结果显示,未经许可从事食品经营活动,生产经营超过保质期限的食品和食品、食品添加剂标签不符合要求三类违法行为是餐饮服务活动执法中发现的主要违法问题,占总数的70％。罚种以罚款最多,没收违法所得最少。本文建议,完善餐饮服务活动的法律法规和国家食品安全标准,加强《食品安全法》及配套法规的法制宣传,建立健全没收物品处置等工作程序,对无证经营违法行为加强综合整治力度。     

Adolescent Alcohol Beverage Type Choices Reflect Their Substance Use Patterns and Attitudes

Alcoholic beverage type choices were studied in relation to adolescents' substance use patterns and attitudes towards substance use, utilizing the national 1999 Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey data (N = 4943) collected among Finns aged 14 and 16 years by mail. Frequencies of drinking, drunkenness and smoking, and chewing tobacco use as well as attitudes towards substance use and exposure to other drugs were all strongly related to beverage type choices. The amount of alcohol consumed was associated with the beverage choice. The relationships between beverage choices and substance use patterns were partly mediated through amounts drunk. Beverage type choices seemed to reflect substance use patterns and attitudes more generally. Wine and cider appeared beverages related to moderation and control in relation to substance use, but beer drinking may be interpreted as a sign of initiation into a substance use pattern favoring smoking and heavier use of alcohol and other drugs.     

Through thick or thin? The performance and operation of firms and the institutional thickness model

The idea that “institutional thickness” is an important component for the resilience of local economies continues to attract attention several years after the seminal work on the subject by Amin and Thrift (1994). In Melbourne's northern suburbs, one manufacturing sector has recently seen significant job growth. Coinciding with this trend is the emergence of regional economic development bodies. Have they influenced the performance and operation of firms? Results from interviews with firm managers suggest not, with non-institutional factors predominating. This “business as usual” scenario suggests local economic development strategies have limitations.     

The development path of rooibos tea – a review of patterns and lessons learnt for the commercialisation of other indigenous teas in South Africa

ABSTRACT

The commercial value of indigenous South African animal and plant resources can add significantly to the nation's socioeconomic development and contribute towards the achievement of the goals of the African Renaissance. However, very few of the country's many indigenous plants have been successfully commercialised. This article reviews the development phases of one success story: rooibos tea. Its development trajectory offers a useful lesson in the commercialisation of other South African indigenous animal and plant resources. Constraints that hindered the effective commercialisation of the beverage are highlighted, notably the initial over-reliance on a local market and the lack of coordinated broad marketing and quality assurance. These constraints were compounded by international trade restrictions imposed on South Africa prior to the 1994 transition to democracy. While the world moved forward, the rooibos tea sector lagged behind in the development of niche markets. It was only in the late 1990s when a seemingly perfect match between the health-giving properties of rooibos and consumer needs was achieved, thus creating a vibrant niche market for the tea. Since then, production and sales of rooibos tea have increased markedly. Adherence to national and international codes of good manufacturing practice, together with the recognition of the importance of fair trade principles regarding the participation of small-scale cooperatives, are becoming increasingly important parameters for product acceptance.