Forensic Application of Analytical Mechanics in Fatal Fall From a Height

Fatal fall from a height initiated with a swinging motion on the sagittal plane of the victim's body is examined. Method of analytical mechanics is adopted to establish the functional relations between the swinging angle of the body and the force needed to sustain the body until release, and the amount of the horizontal displacement that would occur after release. The analysis is applied to support an expert opinion presented in a criminal court in which two accused were convicted of murder for dropping a female victim from a bridge. The results indicate that it is unlikely for the body to locate as recorded by the police investigation report in the case. This study demonstrates that a straightforward mechanical analysis can be utilized to examine uncommon falling scenarios.     

论建立我国非法证据排除规则

在刑事诉讼过程中如何取舍和运用刑事非法证据 ,涉及到非法证据的效力问题。两大法系中很多国家建立了非法证据排除规则。我国立法对于非法证据效力的态度不甚明确 ,因此必须完善有关立法 ,制定配套制度 ,建立我国的非法证据排除规则     

Prosecuting Domestic Violence without Victim Participation

This article explores the evidential challenges victim withdrawal presents in domestic violence cases. More specifically it examines innovative measures taken in the United States to overcome problems of proof typically associated with domestic violence prosecutions. These evidentiary initiatives have facilitated a shift towards so–called 'victimless' prosecution in the context of domestic violence which dispenses with victim participation. Drawing upon a 'freedom model' of criminal justice, this article examines whether recent developments in the United States might be emulated as a means of addressing the high rate of attrition in domestic violence cases in England and Wales.     

证据收集制度

我国在强调当事人举证责任的同时 ,对当事人收集证据的权利缺乏充分、有效的保障。本文在分析两大法系证据收集制度差异及其成因的基础上 ,对我国证据收集程序的运作方式、证据提供义务的范围及违反证据提供义务的制裁措施提出了自己的看法     

百草枯中毒分析检测方法的研究进展

本文介绍了最近20年来国内外有关生物检材中百草枯的提取、净化及定性定量分析检测方法的研究进展,从而为进一步研究百草枯中毒的分析检验方法提供参考。     

单管实时PCR快速检验ABO基因型

目的建立快捷特异的ABO基因分型检测方法。方法根据ABO基因结构特点,设计特异性引物和四色双链探针,采用单管实时PCR方法检测ABO基因,结果与传统免疫学方法相对比。结果该方法可检出常见的3个等位基因,区分常见的6种基因型,全部检测过程可在100min内完成。110例中国人的随机个体定型结果与传统免疫学方法一致。结论实时PCR法进行ABO基因分型,简便快捷,灵敏度高,可以有效地为侦查破案服务。     

实验室条件下长角血蜱甘肃株孤雌生殖种群的生物学特性

在实验室条件下,对我国北方长角血蜱甘肃株孤雌生殖种群的生活史进行了首次观察。研究发现,行孤雌生殖的长角血蜱为三宿主蜱;在兔体完成1个世代共需106~154 d,饥饿期的幼蜱、若蜱与两性生殖的饥饿幼蜱、若蜱体重的差异不显著(P>0.05),而饱血体重与两性生殖的长角血蜱种群饱血体重差异极显著(P<0.01);雌蜱饱血体重可达吸血前的108.46±19.72倍,与两性生殖的种群饱血体重差异亦极显著(P<0.01)。雌蜱产卵量与饱食体重之间呈极显著正相关r=0.897 0(P<0.01);生殖效率指数REI=6.76,生殖适合度指数RFI=6.29;蜱发育时间在不同季节无明显变化。     

证据排除规则的重构——以诉讼效率为视角

诉讼效率指诉讼收益与诉讼成本之间的差额。诉讼收益主要体现为发现真实,而诉讼成本主要体现为证据的收集与认定成本。证据排除规则既可以保障发现案件真实,亦可以保护其他合法利益,但我国目前的证据法没有能够从提供诉讼效率的角度去设计证据排除规则,我国诉讼法中不同的诉讼采用相同的证明标准是这一现象出现的重要原因。     

刑事证据相互印证的合理性与合理限度

证据相互印证是我国刑事证明活动的传统。这一规则虽然难免对于刑事诉讼的效率产生掣肘并仍然难以防止刑事司法错误发生而被人质疑,但是它毕竟反映了事物存在的规律和司法认识的规律,体现了刑事司法的理性主义精神。重要的是正确把握证据相互印证的合理限度,即依据这种相互印证关系能够确认被印证的证据之真实性,能够使案件事实裁判者形成内心确信。公正与效率的同时追求,要求正确合理把握证据相互印证的限度,正确适用证据相互印证的规则。