不同化学激活剂对小鼠卵母细胞的激活效果

为探讨不同激活剂的卵母细胞孤雌激活效果及激活胚体外发育情况,用乙醇、Ca-A23187、SrCl2、6-DMAP及CB分别对小鼠卵母细胞进行了激活处理。结果显示,70 mL/L乙醇刺激小鼠卵母细胞时,以激活5~7 min的激活效果及孤雌胚发育较好,桑囊胚发育率可达29.11%;用SrCl2激活小鼠卵母细胞时,6~10 mmol/L为最佳处理浓度,3~6 h为最佳激活时间,桑囊胚发育率可达16.67%;以70 mL/L乙醇激活5 min,再用2 mmol/L 6-DMAP 5μg/mL CB激活3 h效果最佳,桑囊胚发育率高达35.77%。研究证实,小鼠卵母细胞经乙醇、6-DMAP和CB等复合激活后能较好地发育。     

关于天津市地方禁毒立法的探索

二十世纪八十年代后,毒品在中国又开始死灰复燃。针对日益严重的毒品违法犯罪,国家制定了一系列法律法规,在禁毒斗争中发挥了巨大作用。但是,由于毒品问题的特殊性和我国国情,仅全国统一禁毒立法还不够,尚需地方立法的细化和补充。本文根据对天津毒品问题的分析和对其他省、市、自治区已有地方禁毒立法的研究比较,指出了制定天津地方禁毒立法的必要性,提出了天津禁毒条例的体系设想,力求为天津的禁毒立法提供某些启示和借鉴,推动我市地方禁毒立法进程。     

Searches

ABSTRACT

Racial profiling is an important issue in contemporary policing. Racial profiling research has primarily involved two things: (1) examining traffic stop data, and (2) using a benchmark or baseline in the discovery of racial profiling. A smaller literature has examined the searches to uncover racial profiling. The purpose of the present study is to examine traffic stop data-in particular searches-in understanding racial profiling. Using data more than 40,000 traffic stops from Louisville, Kentucky, the present study found that race is one of many factors that are used in the determination of a search. The policy implications of this finding are discussed.     

From clouds of chemical warfare to blue skies of peace: the Tehran Peace Museum,Iran

Despite the limited number of peace museums around the world, there exists an essential role for existing peace museums to promote a culture of peace and peace education. The purpose of this article was to introduce the origins, rationale, scope and work of the Tehran Peace Museum in Iran. The concept of the museum is to facilitate peace education and develop peaceful environments drawn from the personal experiences of war survivors. The museum encompasses exhibitions about the horrors of chemical and nuclear warfare and is balanced with awareness programmes, bridge-building dialogues, connections with other peace museums and a comprehensive peace education programme catering for younger and older members of society. It offers the space and opportunity for a community of learning within the museum and welcomes fresh ideas and initiatives from visitors and volunteers. The Tehran Peace Museum is unique in its body of volunteers, men and women who have been directly affected by chemical weapons. They are involved in the Veterans Voices of Peace Oral History Project and actively voice the need for creating peaceful societies in today’s world.     

A Study of the Background Levels of Male DNA on Underpants Worn by Females

This study is the first to examine the background level of male DNA on underpants worn by females in the absence of sexual contact. Here, we examined 103 samples from the inside front of underpants from 85 female volunteers. Samples were examined for the presence of male DNA using NGM SElect and PowerPlex Y23 kits. Only five samples gave a “complete” Y-STR profile, even though 83.5% of our volunteers cohabited with a male. In all cases where a partner reference sample was available, the Y-STR profile matched the cohabiting partner. We have demonstrated that a Y-STR profile is not expected on the inside front of underpants worn by females after social contact alone. The results of this study are informative for evaluating the significance of a Y-STR profile on underpants in cases of alleged sexual assault.     

Chemical Imaging of Human Fingermark by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a widely used technique to characterize the surface chemistry of materials. It plays a crucial role in accessing qualitative and quantitative information and in detecting the presence of chemical functional groups on the surface of any material. The forensic methods available to detect and identify elements and organic/inorganic compounds are often destructive, so evidence cannot be re-analyzed. However, XPS allows rapid analysis of samples without damaging them. Recently, an increasing number of forensic researchers have begun to study certain chemical information on fingermarks. In this study, the authors aimed to present the applicability and power of XPS imaging in fingermark analysis which can also provide specific information about the fingermark chemical composition. Herein, monochromated X-ray (Al Kα) spot size was fixed at 50 μm. XPS mapping resulted in the acquisition of spectra at each pixel, in an array of 41 × 30 pixels with a step size of 50 μm. Then, a simple discussion has been made about how the scanned surface spectrum and basic snapshot spectra are used to identify different components at a fingertip of a scanned surface area (~3 mm²). Hence, a fingermark pattern contaminated with caffeine, TiO₂, and Pb/PbO deposited on the silicon wafer can be chemically mapped and visualized by XPS using principal component analysis (PCA). Thus, the present study showed the possible applicability of XPS for the identification of illicit drugs of abuse, gunshot residue, and skin care products on latent fingermark by mimicking a crime scene evidence.     

荧光钙血迹蓝钠试剂增强潜在多介质混合鞋印的应用

目的研究荧光钙血迹蓝钠试剂增强潜在灰尘水渍混合鞋印、灰尘尿渍混合鞋印、灰尘血渍混合鞋印的普适性。方法采用高压微雾雾化法,雾化增强常见的8种地板上的20%w/w灰尘含量的灰尘水渍、灰尘尿渍和灰尘血渍混合鞋印,并与平面扫描提取技术相比较。结果增强后的鞋印花纹清晰,呈亮蓝色,提取效果明显优于自然光下拍照提取,略优于平面扫描提取技术。结论荧光钙血迹蓝钠试剂能够有效增强潜在多介质混合鞋印,是一种便捷高效的潜在混合鞋印增强提取方法。     

性犯罪药物防治入刑的正当性及本土形塑

近年来,我国性犯罪出现的一些新情况令人堪忧,需要探索新的治理政策。有的国家采取性犯罪药物防治作为性犯罪的治理手段,值得借鉴。性犯罪药物防治是利用口服或者注射药物方式减少罪犯的雄激素、降低其性欲,达到控制性犯罪目的。有人认为这是残虐、不人道的,侵犯身体健康与性权利。而性犯罪药物防治相比起物理阉割更具人道主义精神,有利于保障基本人权,其尊重受者自由意志,具备一定的社会容忍度,执行方式高效经济。但此种手段需要加以本土化改造,需要规范法律术语,明确刑法性质与适用对象,细化执行程序。     

浅论犯罪心理画像在我国刑侦实践中的应用

犯罪心理画像主要是运用精神分析、行为心理学的理论和原理对与犯罪有关的行为进行分析,以提供犯罪行为人最为可能的人格特征、心理特征、行为特征等信息,从而协助侦查机关确定侦查范围的一种技术和方法。近些年来,犯罪心理画像已越来越多的引起侦查学界的关注和兴趣。然而只有正确理解和把握犯罪心理画像的适用条件、研究方法、以及厘清刑事科学技术与其的关系,才能更好的将其应用于侦查实践之中。犯罪心理画像可适用于任何刑事案件,关键在于通过剖析、研究个案中犯罪行为人的心理,积累行为资料,为侦查实践提供理论支持和案例指导。     

FBI犯罪心理画像研究述评

FBI的犯罪心理画像研究早期以36名犯罪人为研究对象,利用访谈法和资料分析法提出了一系列有价值的观点,同时在实际应用上也有很大成就,但有很多学者针对其研究方法、犯罪现场分类的＂二分法＂、心理画像理论模型提出了不同的看法。FBI的犯罪心理画像既不是万能的神话,也不是一无是处的谬论,需要一分为二地看待。