论边缘儿童产生的成因及其游戏治疗

边缘儿童是在普通学前教育机构中,游离于集体边缘、言行举止介于正常与异常边缘的儿童.生态系统的失衡是导致边缘儿童产生的根本原因,家庭生态的失衡是儿童边缘化的诱因,同伴欠缺加剧了儿童的边缘化倾向,教师忽视加深了儿童边缘化的程度.游戏是帮助边缘儿童表达问题的重要途径,游戏治疗具有改善边缘儿童现状的功能.通过创设满足儿童需要的新环境,改善与修复已有的生态环境,以"家长参与"、"同伴介入"、"教师关注"等干预方式,修复或改善边缘儿童的生态环境系统,使边缘儿童的问题得以缓解或消除,使边缘儿童因顺应生态系统的平衡而逐渐回归到正常的同伴群体.     

WHERE IS THE VILLAGE GOING? MAINTAINING AND INCLUDING CULTURAL STRENGTHS TO PROTECT CHILDREN ORPHANED IN KENYA

This article is the result of a master's thesis about children and their universal right to be included in a family environment. This is not only protected under international law, but also intuitive to human beings. HIV‐AIDS continues to threaten lives of children, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa in the form of orphaning. Looking at a case study from Kenya, it is revealed that, while legal protection is yet to be fully realized in the state, strong cultural norms of value are alive. Currently, the extended family system is the greatest protection to children orphaned or at risk of being orphaned. However, this system was made invisible in the domestic laws of Kenya under the Children Act 2001. This neglect calls for questions not only regarding the protection cultural norms may offer, according to the best interests of children, but also as to the cultural environment being created with the new law.     

小学高年级儿童气质对父母教养方式的影响

采用MCYQ儿童气质问卷和EMBU父母教养方式评定问卷调查了80名小学四、五年级学生的气质及其父母的教养方式。结果表明：小学高年级儿童的气质只与父母教养方式的情感温暖、理解，惩罚严厉和拒绝否认三个维度显著相关。儿童气质对父母教养方式的影响存在共性和差异，节律性、适应性和坚持性与父母亲的教养方式都显著相关，而情绪、注意品质和反应阈只和母亲的教养行为显著相关。影响父母教养方式的积极气质因素为节律性强、适应迅速、坚持性强和注意不易分散，消极因素为活动量大、适应缓慢、趋避性为易接近、注意易分散等。难养型和偏难养型儿童，其母亲较少表现情感温暖、理解行为，较多给予惩罚严厉和拒绝否认行为。     

流浪儿童救助保护的能力建设

流浪儿童问题是现代社会的一种现象,其形成具有制度性原因,它与开放的社会环境有关,与某些家庭的贫困化、解体和解组有关,也与社会管理的模式有关。流浪儿童的救助保护需要进行新的制度建设,也需要完善救助保护系统,在流浪儿童救助保护领域应实施社会工作制度,从而加强对流浪儿童救助保护的能力建设。     

谈0～3岁亲子教育中的父爱

近年来,亲子教育受到人们的高度重视,其核心内容是建立和谐健康的亲子关系.父亲们只有意识到自己在孩子身心成长中所起的重要作用,并且改变传统父爱的观点,做智慧型的父亲,才能塑造出健康快乐的宝宝.     

Children’s attitudes towards animal cruelty: Exploration of predictors and socio-demographic variations

ABSTRACT

Assessing the risk for animal cruelty is imperative, yet understudied and problematic due to the sensitivity of the topic. Early prevention is critical, yet very little research examines cruelty when it first appears in childhood. The aim of this study was to explore children’s attitudes towards types of animal cruelty, to investigate potential demographic differences, and to examine potential associations between acceptance of cruelty and cognitive and affective factors that place children ‘at-risk’ for cruelty perpetration. Questionnaire data was collected from 1127 children in schools. The results indicate that cruelty attitudes are predicted by some demographic variables such as urban living, being male, younger age and not having pets, but depend on the type of animal cruelty. Acceptance of cruelty predicted low compassion and low reported humane behaviour towards animals. Acceptance of cruelty was predicted by negative attitudes towards animals, lower beliefs in animal minds and low attachment to pets, signifying the importance of targeting such variables in future prevention programmes. This study is an original contribution to research into childhood animal cruelty in the general population, with implications for designing and implementing early prevention programmes that tackle problematic attitudes to cruelty.     

我国网络环境下儿童性权益保障的缺失及对策探讨

随着互联网的迅速发展,儿童已成为我国网络使用的重要群体。网络作为一种新的社会因素,对儿童成长的影响逐渐凸显。儿童在上网过程中,网络环境中充斥的淫秽、色情等不良有害信息以及某些网络违法者对儿童实施的性骚扰及性侵害等行为严重侵害了儿童的性权益。近几年来,网络环境下侵犯儿童性权益的案件频繁发生,如何有效的预防和制止这类犯罪,在复杂的网络环境中减少侵犯儿童性权益的犯罪行为,是我国目前应重视的问题。通过提出网络环境下儿童性权益受到侵害的现状,探析网络环境下儿童性权益被侵害的原因,进而提出网络环境下儿童性权益保护的对策,通过完善我国目前的法律法规,加强对儿童网络安全的管理,加强学校和父母对儿童的性教育与网络安全教育等相关措施,净化网络环境,保护网络环境下儿童性权益,保障儿童的健康成长。     

穴位贴敷法防治儿童支气管哮喘的队列研究

目的 评价穴位贴敷法防治儿童支气管哮喘的效果,分析可能影响其防治效果的因素。方法 以确诊的支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象,根据研究对象是否采用穴位贴敷治疗,将其分为贴敷组和未贴敷组。收集研究对象的基线资料后进行为期18个月的随访,获取病情变化积分。采用二项分类Logistic回归分析方法考察病情变化积分的影响因素。结果 329例哮喘患儿完成随访,其中贴敷组196例,未贴敷组133例。随访时间延长,患儿病情变化积分呈现逐渐降低趋势,贴敷组病情变化总积分低于未贴敷组,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,仅贴敷年数进入病情变化积分的回归方程,贴敷年数越长,病情变化总积分越低。结论 基于“冬病夏治”理论的穴位贴敷法防治缓解期儿童支气管哮喘有一定的效果,贴敷时间长者的效果更明显。     

新私塾教育的未来——从“失学儿童”救助制度谈起

新私塾教育所引发的＂失学而不失教＂的＂失学＂状态,相较于传统失学儿童案中单纯＂辍学＂状态有着本质的区别;同时,新私塾教育的存在及发展也引起了人们对体制内＂学校教育＂的质疑。为此,以维护＂体制内＂教育为最高宗旨的传统失学儿童救助制度,因无法解决私塾教育所带来的人们对教育个性化的＂合理＂要求所产生的＂合法性＂纠纷而丧失了当然的正当性。本文认为,加强对私塾教育规范化的管理而非一味地排斥私塾教育才是解决问题的关键。