Encounters With Irregular Migrants in Social Work—“Collateral Damage” and Reframing of Recognizability in Swedish Public Social Services

The aim is to explore experiences and considerations of social workers regarding irregular migrants, understood as being prone to be “collateral damage.” It is revealed that some social workers approve assistance exceeding that which can find support in the national legislation. They are hereby addressing the normative conditions for recognition and installing new frames for apprehending irregular migrants. This process is referred to as a reframing of recognizability. By exceeding the limits of “belonging,” social workers question their profession's national link as well as the inability of a nationally anchored understanding of social work to deal with irregular migrants.     

违反合同附随义务的解决路径

我国《合同法》借用合同概念对不同阶段的附随义务分别作出规定,并分别针对不同阶段的附随义务,各自适用独立的请求权基础、归责原则和法律责任.《德国民法典》用债的概念对附随义务进行法定化,实现了各阶段附随义务请求权基础、归责原则的统一.这值得我国立法借鉴.     

论我国刑事附带民事诉讼制度的立法缺陷

我国刑事附带民事诉讼的理论基础较为薄弱,在立法技术上也存在问题,因而给审判实践带来一定困难。文章从刑事附带民事诉讼的性质入手,对刑事附带民事诉讼所存在的诸多问题作一分析,以期对审判实践有所裨益。     

刑事附带民事诉讼死亡、残疾赔偿金审判探析

死亡赔偿金、残疾赔偿金的刑事附带民事赔偿问题，囿于立法、司法解释不明确和矛盾、司法实践中当事人赔偿能力低下、大多无财产可供执行的困难等诸因素，在是否列入刑事附带民事的赔偿范围及如何判赔问题上存在颇多争议。笔者在综合考察研究相关的立法、司法解释及刑事附带民事赔偿审判实践的基础上，主张应当列入赔偿范围且应当全额判赔。但应当给原告出具风险告知书并尽可能争取调解解决。进入强制执行阶段後，如有财产的，全额执行；如无履行能力的，则应中止或终结执行。同时，对因中止或终结执行而生活极端贫困被害人及其抚养人应给予国家补偿救济或“低保”。     

刑事附带民事诉讼的实践困惑与制度完善

刑事附带民事诉讼在制度价值上值得推崇，诉讼经济、程序便捷、审判集中的优越性是独立的刑事诉讼和民事诉讼所难以比拟的，但现行立法规定过于简单笼统，造成司法实践中遭遇困惑，形成立法理念与执法现实之间的差距。通过对刑事附带民事诉讼模式的比较研究，发现刑事附带民事诉讼的存在有其合理性与必然性，对于该制度存在的一些问题可以通过改进与完善途径加以解决。     

刑事附带民事诉讼制度内容之主体分析

囿于对附带民事诉讼制度理论基础的认识模糊,理论界仍有一种观点,把附带民事诉讼当事人置于纠问客体的地位,漠视其主体地位,这一观点必须予以纠正;同时,从依法保护当事人应享有的诉讼权利的立法精神讲,对司法实践中几类特殊的诉讼主体也应分情况赋予其当事人的主体地位。     

Collateral report of psychopathy: convergent and divergent validity of the psychopathic personality inventory-short form

Psychopathy is a personality syndrome comprised of interpersonal, affective, and behavioral features that has emerged as a correlate of intimate partner violence perpetration. One commonly used self-report measure of psychopathy is the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Short Form (PPI-SF). The current study employed a multi-trait, multi-method approach to test convergent and discriminant validity of the measure in partner-violent couples by comparing males’ self-report of psychopathy to the informant report of their female partner (N = 114). It was hypothesized that the female partner report of the male’s psychopathy would be highly correlated with the male report of his own psychopathy, thus providing evidence for the construct validity and interrater reliability of the PPI-SF. Analyses found that male and female reports were correlated significantly on the two major factors of the PPI-SF. Furthermore, the female report explained a significant amount of variance over and above men’s self-report on PAI scales designed to indicate antisocial personality traits.     

刑事附带民事诉讼制度的检讨--从被害人权利保护角度

由于在制度设计上遵循“刑优于民”的立法指导思想 ,刑事附带民事诉讼制度无论在理论上还是司法操作实践上均表现出对被害人权利保护的缺失 ,使得对被害人的个别救济淹没在国家追究、惩罚犯罪的过程中。从对被害人权利保护的角度 ,无疑应该将刑事诉讼与民事诉讼分离开来 ,并进而建立对刑事被害人的国家补偿制度     

刑事附带民事诉讼调解新路径

刑事附带民事诉讼是指司法机关在刑事诉讼过程中,在解决被告人刑事责任的同时,附带解决因被告人的犯罪行为所造成的物质损失的赔偿问题而进行的诉讼活动。在司法实践中,调解在刑事附带民事诉讼中已被广泛运用,在处理刑事附带民事案件中发挥了特殊的作用。调解作为解决民事纠纷的一种特殊制度,是促使双方当事人和解的一种结案方式和诉讼活动,具有方便、快捷、灵活、成本低廉和对抗性弱的特点。     

刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿制度之思考

为了切实保障被害人的合法权益,以刑代赔,仅仅给予公法的保护是远远不够的,精神损害赔偿制度已纳入了我国民事法律的调整范围。为了协调法律体系内部的矛盾,也使被害人的利益得到最好的保护,应尽快建立起刑事附带民事诉讼精神损害赔偿制度。