Defected and loyal? A case study of counter-defection mechanisms inside Chechen paramilitaries

Can former insurgents in the service of counterinsurgent paramilitaries be considered a perfectly loyal force? What mechanisms may help to deter subsequent defections of individuals who have already “betrayed” once? Drawing on a unique set of primary data, this article examines the effective counter-defection practices of Chechnya’s pro-Moscow paramilitaries toward prospective defectors from among ex-insurgents. It explores three interwoven mechanisms employed with various intensities to avert “double defections” at the peak of the locally fought counterinsurgency in Chechnya from 2000 to 2005. These mechanisms are: a) extrajudicial executions of recidivists and their relatives, b) initiation violence targeting insurgents’ relatives, and c) disclosure of the identities of defected insurgents who were responsible for killing insurgents in combat to the families of slain insurgents.     

侦查制度建设刍议

侦查制度其实质就是国家权力机关运用侦查权调查刑事案件的一整套程序。由于侦查伴随着强制力的行使,所以,与人权保障有着密不可分的联系。随着我国市场经济体制的确立,尤其是加入世界贸易组织后,现有的侦查制度弊端凸现,我们必须更新观念,革除积弊,推进社会主义法治现代化的建设,建立一个公正、科学的现代侦查制度。     

政治犯罪例外原则与叛逃罪的修改

政治犯罪例外原则是国际刑事司法合作中的重要原则,对政治犯罪的认定存在双重标准,《刑法修正案(八)》删除了原叛逃罪中“危害中华人民共和国国家安全的”这一条件,一方面,在国内司法实践上,并不意味着在对叛逃罪的判定上发生重大变化;另一方面将给我国的国际刑事司法合作尤其是对外逃贪官的引渡合作上,带来很大的障碍,此次对叛逃罪的修改,弊大于利.     

Why Democratic Allies Defect Prematurely: Canadian and Dutch Unilateral Pullouts from the War in Afghanistan

Why do some democratic allies prematurely withdraw from ongoing military US-led coalition operations? Why are some democratic allies more reliable than others? This article proposes a multifactorial integrated framework consisting of several causal mechanisms drawn from ideological, domestic, and alliance explanations of premature defection. It compares and contrasts two neglected case studies, namely the Canadian and Dutch withdrawal of combat troops from NATO’s counterinsurgency mission in southern Afghanistan. The comparative analysis finds that democratic institutional designs, parliamentary war powers, leadership turnover, as well alliance dependence and threat perceptions did not play a meaningful role in both cases of premature defection. It rather finds that domestic elite consensus interacted with electoral calculations to account for pullout choices. Right-wing ideological beliefs held by state executives also slowed down the decision to withdraw, and alliance pressures interacted with domestic elite consensus to account for commitment renewal into a noncombat mission. The article concludes with some implications for the theory of democratic alliance reliability.     

论我国监狱服刑人员权利的保障

监狱服刑人员的权利保障问题的研究有利于国家的和谐稳定和法治文明的发展。从法律规定来看,监狱服刑人员的权利是多种多样的,涉及了人身权利、政治权利等方面,对于这些权利的保障,要从宏观的制度层面和微观层面进行研究,以期更好地保护监狱服刑人员的权利,推动整个社会的民主和法制的进程。     

论待岗青年科技人员的素质改善

待岗青年科技人员有很多优点和长处 ,但他们的素质存在一定的缺陷 ,需要改善。待岗青年科技人员要从提高思想道德素质、增强心理承受能力、转变旧观念、确立终身学习等新观念出发 ,改善并提高自身的素质。     

Party registration and party self-identification: Exploring the role of electoral institutions in attitudes and behaviors

How do electoral institutions affect self-identified partisanship? I hypothesize that party registration acts to anchor a person's party identification, tying a person to a political party even when their underlying preferences may align them with the other party. Estimating a random effects multinomial logit model, I find individuals registered with a party are more likely to self-identify with that party and away from the other party. Party registration also affects voting in presidential elections but not in House elections, leading to greater defection in the former where voters have more information about the candidates. These insights illuminate varying rates of electoral realignment, particularly among southern states, and the makeup of primary electorates in states with and without party registration.     

叛逃罪之立法修正解读

《刑法修正案（八）》对叛逃罪法条进行了修正：一方面，删除了原条文中“危害中华人民共和国国家安全”的规定：另一方面，修正了对于掌握国家秘密的国家工作人员构成叛逃罪的条件，删去了“在履行公务期间，擅离岗位”的限定条件。这种修正不仅合理解决了司法实践中叛逃罪认定方面的难题，也进一步加大对该罪的打击力度，其实际意义应当得到全面的肯定。修正后该罪的犯罪构成产生了一定的变化，为便利司法适用，应当对其构成要件进行全面的理论解读。     

中国警察维权的发展演变及存在的问题

中国警察维权的发展演变情况，体现了各时期中国警察维权的内容和特点，也反映了警察维权的不足和困难。中国警察维权存在的问题，在立法和制度两方面的体现较为突出，也有各种干扰因素的影响。而警察维权的重点——袭警问题，以及警察维权的难点——解决警察维权所涉及的各方利益更是当前警察维权必须尽快解决的两大问题。