阐释作为模版的文化--格尔兹文化理论述评

格尔兹的文化理论汲取了现象学和韦伯社会行动理论及日常语言哲学的学术养分,倡导将文化作为一种组织社会和心理过程的"模版"来进行研究,并强调社会行为分析在其中的重要意义,从而突破了功能主义人类学和结构主义人类学的理论局限.同时,这一理论也因最终无法解决精细描述与理论抽象之间的矛盾而存在方法论上的缺陷.     

Pore Sub‐Features Reproducibility in Direct Microscopic and Livescan Images—Their Reliability in Personal Identification

Abstract: Third level features have been reported to have equal discriminatory power as second level details in establishing personal identification. Pore area, as an extended set third level sub‐feature, has been studied by minimizing possible factors that could affect pore size. The reproducibility of pore surface area has been studied using direct microscopic and 500 ppi Livescan images. Direct microscopic pore area measurements indicated that the day on which the pore area was measured had a significant impact on the measured pore area. Pore area measurement was shown to be difficult to estimate in 500 ppi Livescan measurements owing to lack of resolution. It is not possible to reliably use pore area as an identifying feature in fingerprint examination.     

Effects of collaborative recall: Denying true information is as powerful as suggesting misinformation

We tested whether someone's ability to tell a good story, in terms of the Reality Monitoring (RM) tool, affects the way s/he judges the stories told by others. Forty participants (undergraduate students) wrote down two statements – one about activities they did 30 minutes ago, and the other about a past event. Subsequently, they rated the quality of a target statement written by someone else. We found that the tendency to provide a not so detailed or a very detailed statement was stable across the two statements the participants wrote. Furthermore, this tendency affected how they judged the target statements: The richer a participant's statements were compared to the target statement, the more critical the participant was in judging the target statement. These findings imply that RM is subject to biases which are related to individual differences. We discuss the implications of these findings for applying the RM lie detection tool in the field.     

转移支付制度的法律完善

转移支付是中央政府支出中的一个重要组成部分 ,同时也是地方政府举足轻重的收入来源。实践中转移支付制度存在诸多问题 ,必须从法律角度入手 ,大力加强转移支付财政法规建设 ,全面完善转移支付基本制度。     

刍论细节管理的现实选择

增强责任心是做好细节管理的基础,提高复制能力是做好细节管理的必需,养成高度的职业能力是做好细节管理的根本,建立数字化指标是做好细节管理的手段,遵循完善的流程是做好细节管理的精髓,培养规则意识是做好细节管理的保障,关键的、有效的细节决定成败。总体而言,规则意识、数字化管理、职业能力、完善的流程和抓好有效细节等是实现细节管理的关键和保证。     

光谱成像在物证检验中的初步实验研究

目的研究运用光谱成像技术进行物证形态检验的可能性和方法。方法比较相同条件下使用普通照相方法与光谱成像方法拍摄多种痕迹物证的效果。结果光谱成像检验的能力和效果都具有明显优势。结论光谱成像检验技术的出现使物证形态检验学的发展进入了一个崭新的阶段。     

Individuals lacking ridge detail: A case study in adermatoglyphia

Adermatoglyphia is a very rare autosomal‐dominant condition that is genetically inherited and causes an individual to be born without conventional ridge detail on either their palmar or plantar surfaces (the fingers and palms of the hands and the toes and the soles of the feet). While adermatoglyphia has been the focus of medical and genetic research, no previous research has been conducted with regard to the forensic recovery and identification of marks from an adermatoglyphic individual. By observation of ridge detail donated by an adermatoglyphic subject, the study uses different methods in order to capture fingermarks (methods include: inked capture, livescan (biometric) capture, cyanoacrylate fuming, ninhydrin enhancement, and physical developer). Unusually, the purpose of this paper ends up presenting a number of examples of an absence of evidence; unsuccessful attempts made to capture and enhance fingerprint ridge detail. This is determined over a range of standard means including "live" donations by the adermatoglyphic subject onto the Livescan system, and enhancements of latent donations. The subject shows to leave either insubstantial fingermarks with no detail, or no mark whatsoever.     

法医学尸体勘验过程中关键细节的应用

在法医学尸体勘验过程中,仔细分析研判尸体及现场的各个细节,确定哪些细节是关键＂依据＂,对案件的性质分析和现场重建具有举足轻重的作用。结合案例初步探讨关键细节的抓取思路和方法,以期抛砖引玉,对法医工作有所裨益。     

On the desirable degree of detail in the law

The desirable degree of detail in the law has not been previously discussed. The point of this article is to begin the discussion by raising a number of problems. The first deals with the fact that a highly detailed law cannot, of course, be remembered and, in fact, may be very hard even to discover. Second, if the law is not highly detailed, it is apt to be uncertain in marginal cases, of which there should be many. Detail can be added to the law either by judicial decision or legislation or by some kind of special body as in France. In any event, however, there will certainly be cases in which it is not clear what the law is and there will be at least some obscurities in the law. These problems are discussed and not solved in this paper. It is intended to start the discussion, not finish it.