膈肌疲劳在家兔体位窒息死亡中的作用

目的探讨膈肌在固定双上肢悬挂致死中的作用。方法将家兔固定双上肢悬挂,并监测家兔膈肌肌电图(EMGdi)的变化。结果在连续记录的EMGdi中早期的EMGdi与晚期的EMGdi比较高频与低频(H/L)的比值显著降低,提示膈肌疲劳确实存在。结论膈肌疲劳在固定双上肢悬挂致死中起着重要的作用。     

The prevalence of compassion fatigue,compassion satisfaction and perceived stress,and their relationships with mental toughness,individual differences and number of self-care actions in a UK police force

ABSTRACT

Police personnel are likely to be affected by stress and compassion fatigue, which may have important consequences for health, well-being and job performance. There are certain individual differences which may protect against compassion fatigue, for example mental toughness, personality and self-care behaviours. However, there is little research examining all of these constructs in combination with policing. The current study aimed to gather information regarding the prevalence of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress within a large UK police force, and their relationships with personality, mental toughness and self-care activities. A questionnaire was completed by 605 police employees within a UK police force. The results demonstrated that 20% of personnel suffered from negative psychological outcomes and that these outcomes were predicted by individual differences and self-care activities. The requirement for shift work, and mental toughness scores, significantly predicted compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and perceived stress. The analyses also revealed a role for gender, tenure, personality and self-care in several aspects of well-being. The implications of these findings are discussed, considering the current contexts in which policing operates, with the aim of improving the psychological well-being of police officers and staff.     

The legacy of lethargy: How elections to the European Parliament depress turnout

Why has turnout in European Parliament (EP) elections remained so low, despite attempts to expand the Parliament’s powers? One possible answer is that because little is at stake in these second-order elections only those with an established habit of voting, acquired in previous national elections, can be counted on to vote. Others argue that low turnout is an indication of apathy or even scepticism towards Europe. This article conducts a critical test of the “little at stake” hypothesis by focusing on a testable implication: that turnout at these elections will be particularly low on the part of voters not yet socialized into habitual voting. This proposition is examined using both time-series cross-section analyses and a regression discontinuity design. Our findings show that EP elections depress turnout as they inculcate habits of non-voting, with long-term implications for political participation in EU member states.     

倦怠社会劳动美的精神政治学审视

韩炳哲将过度化生产、超负荷劳作和数字信息大爆炸所造成的个体疲乏与困倦的当代社会称为“倦怠社会”。倦怠社会是一个功绩社会、积极社会而非懒惰社会、消极社会,工作积极主义成为个人的精神政治学,自我加速和自我施暴成为倦怠社会成功的关键。在倦怠社会,自我精神暴力疾病日益突出,积极消费、娱乐主义成为化解倦怠的至上之选。然而,倦怠社会的劳动美学却表现出三种困境：作为整体存在论的劳动美学与作为个体生存论的劳动倦怠之困,作为技术决定论的劳动美学与作为自我生成论的劳动观念之困,神圣时间下的倦怠社会的时间辩证法之困。只有通过树立马克思主义的生活观和劳动观,弱化自我加速和功绩主体的定位,防止数字劳动的畸形,主动建构抵消数字资本、技术平台牵制的生活模式,回归美好生活的实质,才能构建劳动美和生活美。     

砭石疗法治疗亚健康疲劳状态临床研究

目的 观察砭石疗法治疗亚健康疲劳状态的临床疗效。方法 将82例亚健康疲劳状态患者随机分组,治疗组42例,对照组40例。治疗组接受砭石疗法,对照组口服补中益气丸,两组均连续治疗1个月。治疗前后分别对亚健康的临床症状进行评分,并观察两组临床疗效。结果 治疗1个月后,治疗组临床疗效显著优于对照组（P=1.4×10-5）。对照组治疗后所有症状积分均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）;除焦虑外,治疗组治疗后其他症状积分均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）。治疗组在改善疲劳症状（疲劳/疲乏、困倦、疲劳在休息后不能缓解、活动后疲劳、用脑后疲劳）及头晕/头痛方面,显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 砭石疗法能明显改善亚健康疲劳状态患者的临床症状,且安全有效。     

A traffic accident caused by fatigue failure of axle

An investigation of a traffic accident involving a tractor-trailer and a passenger car that were traveling at high speed is presented. The cause was the fracture of a trailer axle. The investigation showed that the fracture was because of the fatigue failure. In addition, cracks were found in the remaining three trailer wheels. Hardness measurements showed that, because of inadequate heat treatment of the metal, they were prone to failure.     

高速公路交通运输中疲劳驾驶的危害、成因及对策

高速公路交通事故的发生，主要是由交通运输人员不遵守交通运输法规造成的，其中，由于疲劳驾驶引发交通事故的情况十分严重。为减少事故及损失，必须正确认识造成疲劳驾驶的原因，进而制定合理的预防措施。     

我国工会维权乏力的原因分析以及解决思路探索

维护职工合法权益是中国工会的基本职责，然而现实是工会的维权相当乏力。导致工会维权乏力的主要原因，一是从维权的主体-工会自身来看，我国工会缺乏维权经历和维权的独立性基础，工会干部自身素质也不适应维权要求。二是从工会维权的对象-职工角度来看，职工维权意识不强，维权意念分化，对工会缺乏信任和信心。三是从工会维权的工具-法律角度来看，职工维权的成本太高，工会权利和职责不对衬，企业工会独立法人地位难以保障。四是从工会维权的环境-体制机制角度来看，工会维权与社会大局存在冲突，工会宏观维权的渠道不畅，行业工会组织相对薄弱、地方工会和企业工会各行其责的维权模式也存在一定障碍。当前解决工会维权乏力的基本思路就是要强化工会的维权职能，提升工会的维权能力和水平。具体举措有：一是提升工会维权的社会认可度；二是解决工会干部维权的后顾之忧；三是推行“上代下”的工会维权模式；四是构建工会维权的社会联动格局；五是创造硬条件在身份上增强工会的独立性。六是在法律上要努力争取工会维权的刚性武器。