胚兔牙囊发育生物行为的组织形态学观察

研究胚兔的牙囊发育生物行为与人的牙囊发育是否相似 ,为人口腔疾病的研究提供模拟实验动物模型 ,采用光镜、电镜及激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对 4 3只胚兔的牙囊发育过程进行形态学观察。结果显示 ,牙囊来源于外胚间质 ,通过胚胎诱导形成牙支持组织 ,分化产生成牙骨质细胞、成骨细胞、成纤维细胞 ,形成牙骨质、固有牙槽骨、牙周韧带及其基质 ,对牙齿发育阶段具有保护和稳定作用 ,调控未来形成的牙周结构 ,在早期发育阶段首先出现 ,与人牙囊发育基本相似 ;最终牙囊在牙冠的顶部形成索引带 ,诱导继承牙萌出 ,在牙冠的根部形成牙支持组织 ,一部分牙囊细胞有程序性细胞死亡 ,以维持牙囊发育期内环境的生理平衡     

母血浆中胎儿游离核酸与无创性产前亲子鉴定

近年来,涉及胎儿亲权鉴定的案例逐渐增多。传统胎儿产前亲权鉴定常需有创性取样,故存在一定的风险。母血浆中胎儿游离核酸的发现,给无创性产前亲权鉴定带来了新的契机。本文主要就母血浆中胎儿游离核酸及其在无创性产前亲权鉴定中的应用价值和前景进行简要介绍。     

超声作用对绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞转染效率的影响

为研究超声波对经脂质体介导的绵羊胎儿成纤维(sheep fetal fibroblasts,SFF)细胞转染效率的影响,用不同频率的超声波在不同时间内辐射经脂质体介导的SFF细胞,转染48h后收集细胞,用RT-PCR检测目的基因,台盼蓝染色检测细胞活性。转染后用G418挑选转基因单克隆细胞,计算转染率。结果显示,对细胞、质粒和脂质体的混合液共同超声辐射(时间60s,超声频率为2.5MHz)后转染,转染率要明显高于未超声辐射的细胞和先转染后超声辐射的细胞,并且细胞的存活率较高。结果表明,超声辐射不仅能改变细胞质膜的通透性,还能够提高脂质体介导的基因转染效率,增强基因介导的特异性和靶向性。     

茵栀黄口服液联合西药治疗妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的疗效及母婴结局分析

目的 观察中西医结合疗法对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的疗效及母婴结局的影响。方法 将60例妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组给予熊去氧胆酸、腺苷蛋氨酸及还原型谷胱甘肽等西药常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用茵栀黄口服液。分别检测两组患者血清总胆汁酸（total bile acid,TBA）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、总胆红素（total bilirubin,TBIL）水平,对两组患者瘙痒症状进行评分,观察其临床疗效,并对母婴结局进行分析。结果 治疗后两组患者血清TBA、ALT、AST及TBIL水平均明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且两组患者治疗前后TBIL差值比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后两组患者瘙痒症状评分均明显减少（P<0.05）,且观察组瘙痒症状疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组可明显延长胎儿孕周,且产后24 h出血量、发生早产率及转入新生儿病房率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 中西医结合方法治疗妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症具有较好的临床疗效,可明显降低围产期母婴风险。     

Fetal Age Determination Through Biparietal Diameter: A Simple Method of Cranial Reconstruction Using Multipurpose Silicone

In forensic medicine, gestational age of fetal remains is a crucial information in several contests, but the classic methods are inadequate when early gestational age needs to be assessed. In the author's experience, the measurement of the biparietal diameter provides more accurate information for this purpose. The status of the fetal head is therefore critical. This work describes an easy technique that allows to reconstruct the cranial volume of the fetus using multipurpose silicone given both the flexibility of the fetal head structure and the inorganic nature of the silicone itself. In conclusion, the determination of the biparietal diameter achieved through the above‐described technique permitted a more accurate estimation of the dating of pregnancy in judicial cases where the fetal remains were incomplete and disrupted.     

Developmental Markers in Adolescence: Implications for Studies of Pubertal Processes

There is inconsistency in the outcome measures of biological and psychosocial studies using measures of puberty as a predictor. For example, some studies show that maturational timing may have differential influences (positive, negative, or no effect) depending on the specific disorder, dimension of measure, and gender. Other studies have suggested that some effects may be more directly linked to pubertal stage or hormone concentrations rather than timing per se. This study outlines several conceptual and methodological issues that may be relevant to addressing these inconsistencies, in the context of examining data from a study of maturational hormones obtained from a unique longitudinal cohort of 24 girls (age 10.0 ± 1.6 years) and 36 boys (age 10.4 ± 1.6 years) in the early part of puberty, where the developmental trajectory of these hormones were tracked annually in 65% of the sample. We explored the contributions of measures of pubertal growth and sociodemographic factors on hormone concentrations. In brief, it appears that no single measure best captures the maturational processes during puberty and suggests that multiple processes are occurring in parallel. Several conceptual and methodological implications are discussed that may guide investigators in interpreting existing studies of pubertal timing and behavior as well as in conducting future studies.     

The testosterone/cortisol ratio moderates the proneness to anger expression in antisocial and borderline intimate partner violence perpetrators

Several studies have provided evidence that antisocial, borderline and narcissistic personality traits of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators significantly increase proneness to violence. In addition, an imbalance between testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) levels has been observed in this population, making individuals prone to violence. We aimed to establish whether IPV perpetrators differ in personality traits, T/C ratio and anger expression from controls, and also to examine the moderating role of the T/C ratio in the relationship between personality traits and anger expression. The sample consisted of 16 IPV perpetrators and 20 controls. T/C ratio was obtained as the quotient between salivary T and C levels. Anger expression and personality traits were measured with STAXI-2 and MCMI-III, respectively. Our results indicate that IPV perpetrators have higher antisocial, borderline and narcissistic personality traits and anger expression than controls. Nonetheless, they did not differ in basal T/C ratio. Finally, only in IPV perpetrators there was a positive relationship between these variables, the T/C ratio playing a moderating role in the relationship of antisocial and borderline traits with anger expression. In IPV perpetrators the T/C ratio may explain why certain personality traits are associated with high risk of becoming violent.     

The use of neuroscientific evidence in Canadian criminal proceedings

This article addresses the question of how neuroscientific evidence is currently used in the Canadian criminal justice system, with a view to identifying the main contexts in which this evidence is raised, as well as to discern the impact of this evidence on judgements of responsibility, dangerousness, and treatability. The most general Canadian legal database was searched for cases in the five-year period between 2008 and 2012 in which neuroscientific evidence related to the responsibility and recidivism risk of criminal offenders was considered. Canadian courts consider neuroscientific evidence of many types, particularly evidence of prenatal alcohol exposure, traumatic brain injury, and neuropsychological testing. The majority of the cases are sentencing decisions, which is useful given that it offers an opportunity to observe how judges wrestle with the tension that evidence of diminished capacity due to brain damage tends to reduce moral blameworthiness, while it also tends to increase perceptions of risk and dangerousness. This so-called double-edged sword of the biological explanation of criminal behavior was reflected in this study, and raises questions about whether and when the pursuit of such evidence is advisable from the defense perspective.     

FETAL TESTOSTERONE AND CRIMINALITY: TEST OF EVOLUTIONARY NEUROANDROGENIC THEORY

Evolutionary neuroandrogenic (ENA) theory asserts that criminality is a crude form of competitive behavior over resources, status, and mating opportunities. Theoretically, males have been selected for resource acquisitiveness as a result of female preferences for mates who are successful at resource provisioning. ENA theory also asserts that brain exposure to both prenatal and postpubertal androgens (particularly testosterone) promotes all forms of competitiveness, including those that victimize others. The present study was undertaken to test ENA theory by correlating 14 self‐reported measures of offending with a biomarker for fetal testosterone exposure based on the ratio of the 2nd and 4th digits of the right hand (r2D:4D), in a nonrepresentative sample of 445. Both Spearman correlations and negative binomial regressions produced results that largely supported the hypothesized connection between offending and high prenatal androgen exposure, even when findings were analyzed separately by sex. Also, offending was significantly associated with r2D:4D for both males and females. Overall, this study supports the view that exposing the brain to high levels of testosterone and other androgens prenatally elevates the probability of offending later in life.     

猪卵丘细胞和胎儿成纤维细胞的分离培养及传代

对猪卵丘细胞和胎儿成纤维细胞的分离、培养和传代进行了系统研究。结果显示,猪的卵丘细胞生长形成单层需要5~6 d;运用组织块法和酶消化法获得胎儿成纤维细胞单层的生长时间分别为10~11 d和8~9 d。猪的卵丘细胞和胎儿成纤维细胞均可以建立并获得稳定的细胞系,这些方法的应用可为猪体细胞核移植研究提供丰富的供体细胞。