浅议入世后我国中小企业经济发展政策

加入WTO后 ,我国中小企业既面临着发展的机遇 ,也面临着严峻的挑战。中小企业的经济管理及其成长发展的优劣 ,对正在向市场经济体制转轨并已成为世贸组织成员的中国来讲 ,具有十分特殊的意义。我国应把促进中小企业经济发展作为 2 1世纪的一个重大战略决策来对待 ,并实施与之相适应的有关政策     

西部非公有制经济发展的制约因素及其化解对策研究

在经济转轨时期,非公有制经济在相当大的程度上承担着整个社会经济组织重构的重任,但目前我国西部地区非公有制经济发育迟缓、市场竞争力弱,这种状况对西部地区深化改革和加快发展极其不利。为此,文章从文化观念、体制转轨及其路径选择等方面分析了制约西部地区非公有制经济发展的深层次原因,并据此提出了积极推进在西部树立新的非公有制经济观念、积极推进西部地区的体制改革等化解对策。     

在结构性改革中优化公共服务

本文提出了一个公共服务的基本分析框架 ,其包括四个层次 :公共服务的范围、公共服务的提供、公共服务的运行机制与公共服务制度激励。我国当前重点强调在我国结构改革过程中保证公共服务的效率和公平。在结构调整中保证低收入人群最基本的公共服务的可获得性 ,保证最基本的公共服务水平 ,是维护社会基本正义、凝聚力和稳定的重要保障     

Risk management for targeting customs controls in developing countries: a risky venture for revenue performance?

Customs authorities in developing countries are often reluctant to forget systematic inspections for fear of risking revenue loss. Such physical inspections however, impede rather than facilitate trade. Control selectivity is therefore a key issue in customs administration reform. This paper shows how a sophisticated risk management method can facilitate trade by automatically and rationally selecting transactions, with the end result of actually enhancing revenue performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

公民权益保障建设研究

城市化进程的急速推进,打破了传统社会的利益格局,社会大转型引发了众多的社会问题,导致涉诉信访问题层出不穷。研究和解决公民合理的利益诉求表达、协调各方利益、畅通公民权益保障渠道建设尤为重要。本文从大连地区社会不稳定因素产生的原因入手,针对当前公民权益保障中存在的问题提出领导干部应提高认识,转变观念,树立公民权利至上理念,多方拓展保障公民合法权益的途径,使维权维稳工作健康有序。     

后土地财政时期减支增收的财税法律规制

后土地财政时期出现的财税现实困境暴露出过往经济发展失衡的问题,究其根源,无疑是现存财税制度的供给无法有效应对后土地财政时期的预期。面对财税领域特别是地方财政增量减少的窘况,并不能一味以外延式增加地方财政收入的方式来解决。应以财税制度供给侧结构性改革为指导,转变“全能政府”的传统观念,运用财税衡平理念和理论,强化内涵式减支增收财税法制供给与实施保障。只有矫正过往稀缺财税资源粗放使用的痼疾,使财税资源集约化配置,才能产生有效率的高质量经济发展功效。应通过财税衡平法律机制的纠偏,优化财富分配的社会实质公平效能,最终实现新时代社会和谐与经济可持续发展的理想目标。     

财政法视角下的公共财政界定

公共财政由于具有积极分配财政资源的特殊属性,在促进和谐社会建设、促进社会公平分配等方面有着不可估量的作用。随着我国总体经济方式的调整,财政实践中已基本形成公共财政的思路与目标,财政方式也已随之发生改变,财政干预的活动方式也发生改变。财政法作为主要调整公共财政关系的法律,对保障公共财政具有重要作用。由于财政法理论的特殊性,它不能简单地等同于或借用经济学上的一般分析,财政法视角下的公共财政的界定是财政法首要的问题。财政法理论需要尽快或更多注意公共财政的建设目标与进程,并作为财政法基础理论建构的内容。     

Eyes wide shut? Reforming and defusing checks and balances in Argentina

How effective are autonomous audit agencies (AAAs) in curbing corruption and improving fiscal governance in emerging economies? AAAs are autonomous oversight agencies tasked with scrutinising government finances. However, they are not as effective as they could or should be, partly because of the political constraints they face and the political economy context in which they are embedded. This article assesses the performance and trajectory of the Argentine AAA. It suggests that AAAs can have only a limited impact when formal fiscal institutions are undermined by informal practices and undercut by adverse political incentives. It further highlights the limits of radical reform strategies based on the import of exogenous institutional models. This research has important research and policy implications for the reform and strengthening of AAAs in developing countries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Political accountability,fiscal conditions and local government performance—cross‐sectional evidence from Indonesia

Why are some local governments more successful than others in managing resources and delivering services? And even more vitally, how can malfunctioning governments be reformed so that they perform their responsibilities more effectively? This article contributes to our understanding of theses overarching questions by exploring the interactions between political institutions and public sector performance in the context of decentralisation and local governance. It shows–both theoretically and empirically–that performance outcomes are determined by the extent to which people can hold their governments accountable through political institutions. The basic hypothesis underlying this research is that political accountability, either by encouraging sanctions upon non‐compliant public agents or simply by reducing the informational gap regarding government activities, will create forceful incentives for elected officials and civil servants to reduce opportunistic behaviour and improve performance. Using a cross‐sectional regression the hypothesis is empirically tested against evidence from newly empowered local governments in Indonesia. The empirical findings broadly support our hypotheses. Improved public services on the ground, both in terms of quantity and quality, require informed and well functioning decision‐making processes that allocate resources to priority areas that meet the demand of the broader community. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论我国法官自由裁量权保障与制约机制的完善

法官行使自由裁量权既不是权力行使的边缘,也不是理想法律运行状态的偏离,而是依法行使权力的一种形式。国外法官自由裁量权的保障与制约机制已相当完善。我国应通过完善程序内制约机制与改革程序外保障机制来规范法官自由裁量权的行使。