Secondary Precarity in Asia: Family Vulnerability in an Age of Unfree Labour

ABSTRACT

Scholarly discussions of precarious work have identified and analysed the conditions and structures that produce precarity, the contextual nuances that characterise worker relations across a range of sites and sectors and the possibilities of resistance by the precariat. In these studies, workers are often discussed with inadequate attention to their social embeddedness. Taking workers’ embeddedness in social relations and norms as a starting point for analysis, this article explores a secondary aspect of precarity amongst families of exploited workers. This aspect is analysed according to three registers of vulnerability and risk: economic (household and livelihood), intimate (anxiety and negative emotional relations) and physical (mobility and movement). The article outlines this framework through a case study of trafficked fishers and their families from Cambodia and the Philippines. Human trafficking is an extreme form of precarious labour, characterised by unfreedom and hyper-exploitation. The article contributes to the understanding of the trafficking of migrant fishers, which has not seen rigorous academic documentation and is relatively poorly understood in comparison to other forms of trafficking.     

渔权之争：论双边渔业协定应考量的若干问题

两国订立双边渔业协定涉及到多个方面的问题,不仅需要考虑管理和执法的便利,也需要兼顾渔民历史作业习惯与传统的渔区;不仅需要公平分配捕捞配额,更需要考虑各自的捕捞能力、渔业资源的养护以及可持续的利用;不仅要因应当前的渔业纠纷,还要考虑对于今后海域划界可能产生的影响;不仅要与国内相关立法协调,还要与国际社会既存的硬法、软法配套;不仅要考虑渔业自身的因素,还需要考虑对于航行、海难救助、海底探矿与采矿、科学研究、水下考古等活动的可能的影响.只有兼顾和平衡各方因素与利益的协定,才可能真正定纷止争.     

Alliance of Civilizations： The global peace project of the 21st century

The Alliance of Civilizations was established in 2005, at the initiative of the Governments of Spain and Turkey; under the auspices of the United Nations for inter civilizations dialogue to bridge the gap between the West and Muslim world. This article analyzes advantage and disadvantage sides of the success of this initiative.     

论高管“问题薪酬”的董事问责

如遇高管薪酬,董事就可能基于互惠和群体思维等情景以及单纯接触效应和框定效应下的生物本能,无意识地"董董相护",高管"寻租"如愿以偿,自应对董事问责。理性回路下的注意路径不能对情感回路下的"董董相护"对症下药,实际上放纵了高管"问题薪酬"。以诚信路径予以涵摄,则可以不枉不纵。是否构成"董董相护",需借助于高管薪酬的合理性进行推论。基于高管薪酬合理性边界的模糊性,拿捏高管薪酬的合理性,需以企业价值最大化为指针,借助高管薪酬的标准、水平和结构的合理性,厘定相应的参照系。     

Somali pirates: villains or victims?

The proliferation of piracy activity off the coast of Somalia has received a fair share of international attention. Its consequences have included a destabilising effect on trade, security and humanitarian aid. This has served to give reason for the deployment of multi-national forces by some of the countries affected by the scourge. While naval patrols have reduced the success rate of piracy attacks in some areas, there has been little respite in piracy incidents with the overall number of attacks and their geographic scope increasing. Piracy off the coast of Somalia has, in fact, evolved into organised syndicates with transnational networks. The problem is that various international actors have largely viewed piracy off the coast of Somalia in terms of threats to their own national interests and security. They have, thus, dealt with the issue in isolation from its wider context, which has not succeeded in ending the attacks. This article argues that to deal with the piracy problem more meaningfully, there is need for a contextual framework beyond addressing the ‘illegal’ activities. Piracy is a complex problem, with political, legal, social, economic, security and even human rights dimensions, and calls for a truly holistic approach that, especially, seeks to address the root causes on land. The article calls for a change in strategies in order to facilitate a ‘local Somali solution’ rather than an international one that is acceptable to the sensibilities of international actors. The article emphasises the need to extend the strong international cooperation demonstrated on the high seas in the fight against piracy to the fight against root causes of piracy onshore.     

多角度解析警民冲突的原因——以群体性事件为例

当前国家提倡构建和谐社会,公安机关强调建设和谐警民关系。从公安机关角度看,警民冲突是影响和谐的突出表现。因此,文章从警民冲突的特点、原因及解决措施进行分析总结梳理,以求找到缓解警民关系的有效办法。     

毗邻朝韩海域越界捕捞活动的特点及对策研究

近年来,我国渔船在毗邻朝韩海域进行越界捕捞活动成为了影响中朝、中韩海域安全稳定的焦点问题,也是困扰我边境管理工作的重难点问题。公安边防部门作为渔船民管理的主管部门,为有效地预防和制止越界捕捞活动,应针对边防管理工作中存在的问题,结合部队的实际情况,从根本上预防和制止越界捕捞行为,有力地维护毗邻朝韩海域的安全与稳定,促进毗邻朝韩海域海洋经济可持续发展。     

船舶螺旋桨损伤特点及成伤机制

目的总结船舶螺旋桨损伤的主要特点,探讨螺旋桨损伤的特点及形成机制,探索螺旋桨损伤与碎尸的鉴别方法。方法收集浙江省湖州地区1994─2005年尸检的100余例船舶螺旋桨损伤案例,对螺旋桨造成的损伤（擦划伤、表皮剥脱、创、骨折和全部离断创）的特点,以及衣着特征,进行回顾性分析。并与常见碎尸案中使用的工具造成的断面特征进行比较。结果船舶螺旋桨损伤是高速旋转螺旋桨的巨大劈力和机械切削所造成的损伤;碎尸是人为使用锐器切割或砍击尸体。两者由于形成机理、作用力及反作用力大小不同,导致损伤断面呈现不同的特征。结论船舶螺旋桨损伤具有独特的特征,可与碎尸损伤进行鉴别。     

和谐社会中法律价值的冲突与选择

法律价值冲突曾经对我国的和谐发展产生过一定的负面影响,例如,城乡发展不平衡与“公平”、“效率”间的价值冲突有关,地区发展不平衡与“自由”、“平等”间的价值冲突有关,经济社会发展不平衡与“人权”、“秩序”间的价值冲突有关。妥善协调法律价值冲突是构建和谐社会的第一步。法律价值冲突的原因是多方面的,既是由法律的本质特征决定的,又与我国现阶段的国情、建设法治的历史环境以及制度选择密切相关。妥善协调法律价值冲突,应遵循以人为本、相对位阶、化解冲突和多元适用原则。     

社会冲突与民事仲裁制度

社会冲突态势及特点为群体性、复杂性和持续性。仲裁较之和解、调解和诉讼等解决方法优势显著 ,社会冲突处置机制的创新之路在于构建我国民事仲裁制度