Managing commercial risks in open source software licensing

Legal context: The article reviews the commercial risk allocation clauses intypical open source licence terms and discusses their enforceabilityand implications. Key points: The enforceability of warranty disclaimers and limitation ofliability clauses in common open source licence terms is questionable,particularly in a cross-border context, and commercial licensorsshould take additional steps to protect themselves from down-streamrisks. Practical significance: Open source software presents a number of unusual commercialissues, because it is available free of charge and the providerstry to disclaim warranties and liabilities. End users and resellershave to adjust their own in- and out-licensing models to accommodatethis situation.     

Stature estimation using foot dimensions via 3D scanning in Taiwanese male adults

In forensic identification, the use of foot dimensions to predict stature is a requisite. For Taiwanese male stature prediction, available information about stature estimation using foot dimensions is still lacking. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to establish Taiwanese adult male stature prediction models for various foot dimensions. A total of 2,072 male 3D foot models were collected and the subjects' ages ranged from 18 to 59 years old. Thirteen foot dimensions for each foot were utilized in this study. Bilateral differences were tested using paired t-tests. Stature predictions based on different foot dimensions were conducted using simple linear and stepwise regression methods. The results showed significant bilateral differences in the majority of the selected foot dimensions (p < 0.001). Foot length had the highest positive correlation with stature in the right and left foot. Using length-related dimensions generated better prediction accuracy (0.356 < R² < 0.533, 4.193 < SEE < 4.928), whereas the worst accuracy was observed with angle-related dimensions (0.001 < R² < 0.023; 6.072 < SEE < 6.137) when employing a single foot dimension to estimate Taiwanese male stature. Stepwise regression analysis results indicated that the coefficient of determination was improved to 0.590 and 0.593 by applying five and six foot parameters to predict stature, respectively. The findings of the present study suggest that these stature estimation equations can be applied to predict Taiwanese male stature in the forensic science field.     

应用反转录-聚合酶链反应检测动物组织中的口蹄疫病毒

应用反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术检测了猪和牛的扁桃体、淋巴结、脊髓、肌肉和蹄冠皮肤中的口蹄疫病毒（ＦＭＤＶ）。与接种乳鼠测毒法比较，该方法的灵敏度达０．１６ＬＤ５０～０．３２ＬＤ５０病毒量。检测人工感染后７～３５ｄ的猪组织样品７７份，２５份为阳性；接种乳鼠并盲传３代，乳鼠－间接血凝试验（ＩＨＡ）鉴定６份为阳性。检测人工感染后４～７ｄ的牛组织样品５２份，２０份为阳性；接种乳鼠－ＩＨＡ鉴定１２份为阳性。检测野外鲜肉样品４７份，１２份为阳性；任选其中８份样品接种细胞单层，盲传至第６～７代，先后有５份样品产生ＣＰＥ；其中６份样品同时接种乳鼠，盲传至第６～７代，３组乳鼠出现ＦＭＤＶ致病症状，ＩＨＡ鉴定为阳性。检测冻猪肉样品３７份，３份为阳性；冻牛肉样品９份、冻羊肉样品１０份，均为阴性     

穿袜粉尘足迹检验中的形态变异问题

静电吸附方法提取穿袜粉尘足迹时,由于受到袜子对粉尘的缓冲和静电场强度影响而出现形态变异问题,造成特征不符的假象而干扰正确的检验结果,提请在足迹检验操作时引起注意.     

Fingerprint Change: Not Visible,But Tangible

Hand–foot syndrome, a chemotherapy‐induced cutaneous toxicity, can cause an alteration in fingerprints causing a setback for cancer patients due to the occurrence of false rejections. A colon cancer patient was fingerprinted after not having been able to use fingerprint recognition devices after 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. The fingerprint images were digitally processed to improve fingerprint definition without altering the papillary design. No evidence of skin toxicity was present. Two months later, the situation returned to normal. The fingerprint evaluation conducted on 15 identification points highlighted the quantitative and qualitative fingerprint alteration details detected after the end of chemotherapy and 2 months later. Fingerprint alteration during chemotherapy has been reported, but to our knowledge, this particular case is the first ever reported without evident clinical signs. Alternative fingerprint identification methods as well as improved biometric identification systems are needed in case of unexpected situations.     

Stature Estimation from Various Foot Dimensions Among Slovak Population

The foot measurements are important in forensic field as they can be used as body height predictors for an individual. The morphology of human feet shows the variations and therefore the aim of this study was to find the relation between stature and foot measurements and to generate population‐specific equations. We measured the stature and bilateral foot measurements of 71 volunteers ranging in age between 18 and 27 years using standard measurements technique. The results revealed nonsignificant bilateral differences in all sex groups (p < 0.05). Sex differences were found to be significant in all foot measurements (p < 0.001). The highest significant and positive correlation coefficients with stature were observed for foot length in males (r = 0.759), in females (r = 0.722), and in the sex‐mixed group (r = 0.865). According to the nonsignificant sex effects on the relation between stature and foot dimensions, the regression equations were computed only for the pooled mixed‐sex group. Our study provides equations that can help to estimate stature from foot measurements among Slovaks.     

手足口病中医证型特点及其相关因素分析

目的 探讨小儿手足口病中医证型的分布特点及其相关影响因素。方法 收集298例手足口病患儿的中医四诊资料,分析其中医证型分布特点及其与性别、年龄、病程、主要实验室指标的相关性。结果 298例手足口病患儿的中医证型以湿热郁蒸证多见,其次是肺脾湿热证,毒热动风证最少。3种证型患儿的性别、病程比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,毒热动风证多见于男性患儿,肺脾湿热证多见于发病后5～6 d,湿热郁蒸证多见于发病后5～7 d,毒热动风证多见于发病后7～8 d。3种证型患儿年龄比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3种证型患儿感染病原体的类型比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,肺脾湿热证以感染CoxA16为主,而湿热郁蒸、毒热动风证以感染EV71为主。毒热动风证患儿白细胞计数、血糖、肌酸激酶-MB、血清白细胞介素-6、降钙素原和C反应蛋白水平均明显高于肺脾湿热证和湿热郁蒸证患儿（P＜0.05）。结论 小儿手足口病中医证型的分布具有一定的特点,其与性别、病程及主要实验室指标具有明显的相关性。     

The Influence of Footwear Sole Hardness on Slip Characteristics and Slip‐Induced Falls in Young Adults

Theoretically, a shoe that provides less friction could result in a greater slip distance and foot slipping velocity, thereby increasing the likelihood of falling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sole hardness on the probability of slip‐induced falls. Forty young adults were randomized into a hard or a soft sole shoe group, and tested under both nonslippery and slippery floor conditions using a motion analysis system. The proportions of fall events in the hard‐ and soft‐soled shoe groups were not statistically different. No differences were observed between shoe groups for average slip distance, peak and average heel velocity, and center of mass slipping velocity. A strong association was found between slip distance and the fall probability. Our results demonstrate that the probability of a slip‐induced fall was not influenced by shoe hardness. Once a slip is induced, slip distance was the primary predictor of a slip‐induced fall.     

Sex determination from hand and foot dimensions in a North Indian population

Hands and feet are often recovered from the site of natural as well as man-made disasters because of bomb blasts, train accidents, plane crashes, or mass homicides. This study is intended to establish standards for determination of sex from the dimensions of hands and feet in a North Indian population. The data for this study comprise 123 men and 123 women aged between 17 and 20 years from the "Rajput" population of Himachal Pradesh in North India. Four anthropometric measurements viz. hand length, hand breadth, foot length, and foot breadth have been taken on both sides of each subject following international anthropometric standards. The hand index (hand breadth/hand length × 100) and the foot index (foot breadth/foot length × 100) were calculated. Sectioning points and regression models are derived for the hand and foot dimensions and the derived indices. The hand and foot dimensions show a higher accuracy in sex determination by sectioning point analysis when compared to hand and foot index. Of the hand and the foot dimensions, hand breadth and foot breadth showed better accuracy in sex determination. Hand index and foot index remain poor sex discriminators in the study.     

道路交通事故致足弓结构破坏伤残评定

足弓由横弓、内侧纵弓、外侧纵弓组成。足弓测量包括内弓角、外弓角、前弓角、后弓角和跟距角五个角度的测量。《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》（GB18667—2002）标准将足弓结构破坏分为破坏1／3以上和完全破坏两种情形。前者是指足三弓（内侧纵弓、外侧纵弓、横弓）的任一弓结构破坏。后者是指一足三弓结构均有损害。当伤侧内弓角或外弓角测量值超过健侧10％时，提示内侧纵弓或外侧纵弓损坏；当伤侧前弓角或后弓角测量值小于健侧3％时，提示前弓或后弓破坏。在全面了解案情、严格审查送检材料，对被鉴定人进行体格检查和影像学检查后，可以做出最终判定。