法经济学视角下的转轨期的中国立法

本文针对转轨期的中国立法,采用法经济学的成本效益的比较分析方法,探讨了计划经济向市场经济转型过程中的矛盾冲突,分析了传统管制向公共规制和立法博弈发展的理论和现实。     

抢劫罪、抢夺罪若干问题研究

准抢劫罪的结构实际是一个预备性质的违法行为和抢夺行为的结合 ,而以抢劫罪的实质判断 ,其行为结构应当是具有威胁性的行为和抢夺行为的结合 ,以相当性原则衡量 ,“携带凶器”盗窃、诈骗的行为也应当以抢劫罪论处 ,但以立法价值衡量 ,准抢劫罪的规定没有必要 ;认为转化型抢劫罪的前提行为应当构成犯罪的观点 ,既不符合无罪推定原则 ,又不恰当地束缚了侦查权、检察权的行使 ,同时剥夺了被害人或第三人的绝对防卫权 ,与抢劫罪的构成要件也不相符 ;随附暴力强度较大的抢夺行为不应一律以抢夺罪论处。抢夺罪其行为表现不应以“乘人不备”和“公然”夺取为必要。     

试论纪检监察证据向刑事证据转化的几个问题

按照目前我国的反腐体制,党员、公务员的违纪行为由纪检监察机关查处,达到犯罪程度的移交司法机关办理。由于纪检监察证据与刑事证据的性质不同,这就需要将其转化为刑事证据。言词证据的转化实行实体和程序双重审查的方法,实物证据的转化只进行程序上的审查。对纪检监察人员违反规定取得的言词证据,原则上应予排除。对纪检监察人员违反规定取得的实物证据,原则上不排除。对纪检监察人员使用秘密调查手段获取的证据,实行例外不排除。对纪检监察人员使用调查陷阱和私人不正当手段获取的证据,应予排除。     

在生态文明建设中推进欠发达地区经济转型——以淳安县的实践为例

淳安县作为浙江省的一个欠发达县,在生态文明建设方面进行了大胆的探索和尝试,走出了一条欠发达地区经济发展转型之路,同时对欠发达地区如何把生态文明建设作为平台和突破口从而实现经济发展转型产生了一些启示：要树立生态发展理念,引领经济发展转型方向;要推进＂三个创新＂,搭建经济发展转型平台;要促进＂三个协调＂,提供经济发展转型动力;要强化＂三个联动＂,形成经济发展转型合力。     

红外光谱法用于安钠咖中咖啡因和苯甲酸钠快速定性和定量分析

目的 建立安钠咖样品中咖啡因和苯甲酸钠快速定性和定量分析的红外光谱方法.方法 采用高纯度咖啡因和苯甲酸钠混合制样的方法制备定性和定量建模样品,通过分析混合样品的红外光谱图,确定安钠咖样品中咖啡因和苯甲酸钠的特征吸收峰.采用偏最小二乘法(partial least squares,PLS)建立红外光谱定量模型.结果 通过...     

手枪训练检查器在警察手枪射击教学中可行性研究

运用套叠式手枪基础训练检查器(专利号CN200420054786.7)在南京森林公安高等专科学校2006级警察战术与指挥专业(特警班)射击课中运用,随机抽取50名学生为样本,分为对照组与实验组。结果表明,手枪基础训练检查器在射击课教学中操作简单、方便教学,实验班射击技能成绩优于对照班的学生。     

公务员个体自主性的伦理思考

公务员在行政组织中很容易出现“代理转换”的危险,从而导致公务员个体自主性缺失,当面临不道德的组织和组织的上级不负责任的行为时缺乏应有的道德责任感,丧失正确的判断力,甚至于以忠诚或服从为借口,从事非道德的行政行为。随着我国新公务员法的正式实施,彰显公务员个体伦理自主性,培养公务员个体伦理自主性显得尤为紧迫,伦理自主性将成为公务员承担道德责任、有效抵制行政腐败的内在动力。     

Detection of Mitragynine in Mitragyna Speciosa (Kratom) Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Handheld Devices

A simple, quick, selective, sensitive, and effective field-friendly method capable of being used by nonexperts has been developed for detecting mitragynine in Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Over 100 samples and blanks (known to be either positive or negative for the presence of mitragynine) were examined in duplicate using five identical handheld Raman spectrometers, which provided a data set of over 1,000 examinations. Based on the results of these analyses, the method yielded a true-positive rate of 99.3%, a true-negative rate of 97.9%, a false-positive rate of 2.1%, and a false-negative rate of 0.7%. The average minimum detectable concentration (C_m) of mitragynine that reproducibly yielded a match for one of the library spectra on all five instruments was determined to be 342 ng/mL (ppb). This C_m value is a conservative estimate considering that the extraction process was not fully optimized by this study, which was not necessary since the C_m value achieved was well below typical mitragynine concentrations in kratom (1.3–2.3%). The method is ideal (i) for prioritizing samples for additional testing using other more time-consuming laboratory-based techniques needed to detect and quantify mitragynine and (ii) for field use at international mail facility (IMF) satellite laboratories to help interdict kratom and prevent this dangerous product from reaching the U.S. supply chain.     

Combined Collection and Analysis of Inorganic and Organic Gunshot Residues

Gunshot residue (GSR) analysis and their interpretation provide crucial information on a criminal investigation involving the use of firearms. To date, several approaches have been proposed for the implementation of a combined sampling and analysis of inorganic (IGSR) and organic GSR (OGSR). However, it is not clear at this stage if concurrent analyses of both types of residue might be detrimental to the analysis of IGSR currently applied in forensic laboratories. Thus, this work aims to compare and evaluate three different protocols for the combined collection and analysis of IGSR and OGSR. These methods, respectively, involve the use of a modified stub (with two halves, one for the detection of IGSR and the other for the analysis of OGSR); the sequential recovery of GSR with two stubs mounted with different adhesives (double-sided carbon tape and Tesa® TACK) and the sequential analysis of IGSR and OGSR from a single carbon stub following carbon deposition. The detection of IGSR was carried out using SEM-EDX, while OGSR analysis was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Obtained results for experiments performed using Geco Sinoxid^® ammunition indicated that sequential analysis was the most suitable protocol for the combined collection and analysis of both IGSR and OGSR. A higher number of inorganic (characteristic and consistent) particles and higher concentrations of ethylcentralite, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, diphenylamine, and nitroglycerin were recovered with this method.     

榆林建设低碳城市的战略思考

建设低碳城市是榆林市的重大战略选择,榆林建设低碳城市具有显著的比较优势、后发优势和政策优势。榆林全面建设低碳城市的战略路径须从制定低碳城市规划、推进产业低碳化发展、实施更严格的低碳生产技术标准、打造低碳示范社区和消费低碳化等方面入手。