A novel method for cyanide quantification in human whole blood using ion chromatography with amperometric detection and its application to cyanide intoxication cases

Cyanide is a highly toxic agent that has been frequently used for suicide in South Korea. It is also used in various industrial fields, such as metal plating, in which many accidental cyanide intoxications have occurred. To overcome the disadvantages of conventional cyanide analysis methods, a simple and fast method for the analysis of cyanide in whole blood using ion chromatography (IC) with amperometric detection was developed in this study. Whole blood samples were deproteinized, diluted, and analyzed using an IC–amperometric detection system. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L, respectively. The method showed good linearity in the range of 0.2 to 50 mg/L with R² > 0.99. The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy values were <10%. The established method was successfully applied to analyze whole blood samples from three cyanide intoxication cases.     

Analysis of off-farm work decisions among smallholder farm households in Burkina Faso

This article investigates off-farm work decisions by smallholder farm households. Using data on 1,101 households from Burkina Faso, it demonstrates that in addition to the usual household socio-demographic characteristics, remittances, access to information and beneficiary of specific training affect off-farm work decisions, as well as rainfall factors and idiosyncratic health shocks. Community characteristics such as accessibility and number of inhabitants are also key factors. While suggesting that off-farm work is less likely to be undertaken for accumulation purposes, these results have important policy implications. In particular, policy measures should consider each segment as a separate entity.     

肺气肿肺气虚证大鼠血气分析、血中细胞因子及肺组织病理学的改变

目的 :探索肺气虚证的本质。方法 :将 6 0只大鼠随机分为模型组与对照组 ,复制肺气肿肺气虚证模型 ,分别检测 pH、氧分压 (pO2 )、氧饱和度 (SaO2 % )、二氧化碳分压 (pCO2 )、白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)及肺组织病理学的改变。结果 :模型组pH、pO2 、SaO2 %下降 ,pCO2 升高 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;模型组IL 6、IL 8、TNF α升高 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;病理组织学及超微结构检查显示肺组织有慢性支气管炎及肺气肿病变。结论 :肺气肿肺气虚证大鼠存在低氧血症和高碳酸血症 ,血中细胞因子IL 6、IL 8、TNF α升高 ,可能是肺气虚证从轻度向中、重度发展的重要原因之一。     

High performance liquid chromatographic determination of alcohols with reference to body distribution of methanol

A method has been developed on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of methyl, ethyl and isopropyl alcohols under refractive index detection using pure water as the mobile phase. A good separation has been achieved between these alcohols. Detector response was linear with a detection limit of 5 mg/100 ml. Recovery studies were performed by adding known amounts of methyl and ethyl alcohols to blood, lung and liver within the range 80–90%. The reproducibility of the results was always >90%. The quantitative distribution of methyl alcohol in postmortem body tissues and fluids has been reported in three cases of poisoning.     

2004年俄罗斯油气工业的现状、问题与前景

2004年是俄罗斯油气工业快速发展的一年,石油和天然气的产量、出口量及加工量都保持了强劲的增长势头。但是,尽管2004年俄罗斯油气工业的整体形势比较令人满意,可油气资源基地的滞后发展和出口管线问题在一定程度上制约了俄罗斯油气产量的增长。因此,寻找、勘探、开发新油气田,加快油气运输基础设施建设的步伐是俄罗斯油气工业未来的发展方向。     

Acidic and neutral drugs screen in blood with quantitation using microbore high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection and capillary gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

Blood previously acidified with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The dried extract was subjected to acetonitrile–hexane partition. The acetonitrile portion was analysed for the presence of acidic and neutral drugs by HPLC–DAD (200 mm×2.1 mm I.D. microbore ODS-Hypersil column) and GC–FID (25 m narrow-bore×0.25 mm I.D. HP-5 column with 0.33 μm film thickness). The protocol was found to be suitable for both clinical toxicology (including emergency toxicology) and postmortem toxicology. At least 66 drugs of interest were unequivocally identified by RRTs (HPLC) and UV spectra (DAD) match while another 12 were unequivocally identified by double RRTs match (HPLC and GC). Quantitation was facilitated by incorporating calibration blood standards in each assay batch. The five drugs most commonly encountered in clinical blood specimens (1150 cases) were: paracetamol (47.4% of the cases); chlormezanone (6.6%), theophylline (1.74%), naproxen (1.65%) and mefenamic acid (1.56%). The following drugs were detected in toxicologically significant quantities in postmortem blood specimens (245 cases): phenobarbitone (1.22% of the cases), naproxen (0.82%), chlormezanone (0.82%), theophylline (0.82%), carbamazepine (0.41%) and paracetamol (0.41%).     

大众传媒中歧视问题探究

大众传媒对当前信息传播的重要影响毋庸置疑,由于其宣称的独立性,以及站在政治和商业权力的对立面而受到普遍的赞誉。但在这个貌似公正无私外表的掩饰下,媒体却对现实社会中众多的“歧视”观念的产生和延续有着不可推卸的责任。     

大众传媒对未成年人思想道德建设的影响及对策

随着现代科技的发展,大众传媒的影响深入到社会生活的各个层面,广泛而深刻地影响着人们精神价值的构建,给未成年人的成长环境带来深刻变化。做好未成年人思想道德建设工作必须从新的时代要求出发,重视大众传媒给未成年人成长带来的深刻影响,积极推进未成年人德育工作在理念、机制、方法和内容上的创新,营造有利于未成年人健康成长的良好环境,从而促进未成年人身心健康发展。     

高效薄层色谱法检测尿中硝西泮的代谢物7-氨基硝西泮

目的 建立用高效薄层色谱法定性及半定量测定人尿中硝西泮的代谢物7-氨基硝西泮(7ANIZ)含量的方法。方法 人口服治疗量10 mg硝西泮后,在pH 9条件下用乙醚进行提取,分析物斑点用氟罗里丝进行荧光显色,紫外灯下(366nm)观察荧光斑点;根据斑点荧光显色情况及强度进行7ANIZ定性及半定量检测。结果 尿中硝西泮代谢物7ANIZ检出限为5 ng/ml,测量限为15 ng/ml。结论 人口服治疗量10 mg硝西泮,用高效薄层色谱法可定性及半定量测定48 h内排泄尿中的7ANIZ。     

试论构建大众传媒与政策议程的良性互动关系

政策议程的创建对于实现政府决策的科学化与民主化意义巨大 ,而大众传媒则是使社会问题进入政策议程的有效途径之一。随着传媒技术的发展 ,大众传媒在其中扮演的角色会越来越重要。正确认识和把握政策议程与大众传媒两者的互动关系 ,对推进政府公共决策有重要理论价值和重大现实意义。