《狐火》少女帮中的“长腿”形象刍论

美国当代作家欧茨在小说《狐火》中，塑造了一个以“越轨”的极端方式对抗社会弊痼的少女帮头领形象——“长腿”。尽管同马克·吐温笔下的少男哈克一样叛逆不羁，但长腿的越轨有着十分复杂的社会和心理原因，不能简单地等同于违法乱纪。欧茨以一种既谴责又同情、既赞扬又惋惜的矛盾心理，展开了一场细致入微的少女心灵剖析和鞭辟入里的社会学盘点。并在作品的结尾采取了一个不写明主人公命运结局的模糊美学模式，从而把对“长腿”的认知权杖交给了读者。     

“黑社会性质组织“之辨析

黑社会性质组织是1997年修订的刑法新创制的法律名词,认定某犯罪集团是不是黑社会性质组织,最关键的是看其是否完全具备“在一定区域或者行业范围内以暴力、威胁、滋扰等手段,大肆进行敲诈勒索、欺行霸市、聚众斗殴、寻衅滋事、故意伤害等违法犯罪活动,严重破坏经济、社会生活秩序”这一属性特征。黑社会性质组织已具备了黑社会组织犯罪的基本特征,从本质来看,应该属于黑社会组织范畴。黑社会性质组织是高级的有组织犯罪集团,从渊源和属性上看,我国黑社会性质组织主要是由既相区别又有联系的流氓恶势力和帮会组织构成。     

犯罪团伙形成的心理因素

犯罪团伙的形成主要受三个方面心理因素的影响 ,即寻求相似同伙的心理、次文化心理和欲求相同心理的影响。罪犯结成团伙后行为更加放纵 ,危害也特别严重     

团伙犯罪:演变与遏制

近年来由于受到第 5次犯罪高峰的影响 ,团伙犯罪出现了许多新特点 ,那么出现新特点的原因是什么 ,如何对这些新型的团伙犯罪进行遏制 ,作者在文中阐明了自己的看法。     

试论我国"反黑"刑事立法的完善

我国现行"反黑"刑事立法存在着以下不足:缺乏超前性、完备性和配套性;针对性不强;刑罚设置明显偏轻.有鉴于此,文章提出了完善我国现行"反黑"刑事立法的几点构想:其一,增设黑社会犯罪的有关新罪,同时对现有罪名进行补充修改,使刑法规定具有适度的超前性;其二,修改现行刑法典关于黑社会性质犯罪的刑罚规定,提高量刑幅度,增设财产刑;其三,采用特别证据制度.     

民国时期恐怖活动研究

恐怖活动在中国延续了两千多年后,到民国时期已经比以往任何朝代都有过之而无不及。尽管当时的所有政权都制定反恐法规,采取反恐措施,希望将其消灭或纳入管控范围,但由于各政权自身条件的限制及实施恐怖活动的组织、个人所具有的强势特点,要达到目的并非易事。     

我国黑恶势力犯罪成因分析

从我国黑恶势力犯罪活动的现状来看,黑恶势力犯罪的猖獗是社会原因、个体原因等原发因素与抑制犯罪因素相互作用的结果。     

寻租视野中的涉黑犯罪与腐败

涉黑组织犯罪是世界各国普遍关注的一个严峻的社会问题。近年来,涉黑组织犯罪在我国呈现出日趋泛滥的态势,严重破坏了社会经济生活秩序和政治生活秩序。而寻租活动加剧了腐败的深度和广度。国家必须采取积极的有针对性的措施。     

Gang Membership,Drug Selling,and Violence in Neighborhood Context

A prominent perspective in the gang literature suggests that gang member involvement in drug selling does not necessarily increase violent behavior. In addition it is unclear from previous research whether neighborhood disadvantage strengthens that relationship. We address these issues by testing hypotheses regarding the confluence of neighborhood disadvantage, gang membership, drug selling, and violent behavior. A three‐level hierarchical model is estimated from the first five waves of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, matched with block‐group characteristics from the 2000 U.S. Census. Results indicate that (1) gang members who sell drugs are significantly more violent than gang members that don’t sell drugs and drug sellers that don’t belong to gangs; (2) drug sellers that don’t belong to gangs and gang members who don’t sell drugs engage in comparable levels of violence; and (3) an increase in neighborhood disadvantaged intensifies the effect of gang membership on violence, especially among gang members that sell drugs.     

Gang Membership,Gun Carrying,and Employment: Applying Routine Activities Theory to Explain Violent Victimization Among Inner City,Minority Youth Living in Extreme Poverty∗

Conceptual inconsistencies in routine activities theory are illustrated by demonstrating how gang membership, gun carrying, and employment can be categorized as both risk and protective factors in a high‐poverty context. Two waves of longitudinal data from a high‐poverty sample of African American youth were used to examine the determinants of victimization risk. Bivariate analyses indicated that gang membership, gun carrying, and employment status are significant risk factors for violent victimization, but these effects were mediated by measures of lifestyles (e.g., demographic and family factors, deviant lifestyles) included as controls in the full multivariate model. In other words, the strong positive relationship between gang membership and gun carrying found in previous studies may be due to model misspecification and/or the lack of research on high‐poverty samples of inner city youth from the Deep South. Additional logistic regression analyses also indicate that the number of hours employed per week (but not employment status) is a risk factor for violent victimization. Finally, the theoretical implications of these findings for routine activities theory are discussed.