Fear of victimization and health

Fear of victimization may have consequences for subjective well-being. I develop and test a model linking fear of victimization to subjective health. I hypothesize that two processes link fear to subjective health-psychological and behavioral. Specifically, I hypothesize that fear of victimization increases psychological distress, and fear decreases outdoor physical activity, especially walking. High levels of psychological distress and low levels of walking, in turn, are associated with poor self-reported health. I find empirical support for the hypothesized processes in a representative national sample of 2031 adults aged 18 to 90 interviewed by telephone in 1990. The negative association between fear and health is explained largely by psychological distress and walking. However, a significant direct effect remains. I conclude with suggestions for future research linking crime and health, focusing on the need for collecting information on community disorganization. Community context is likely the ultimate exogenous variable-the one that sets in motion the destructive cycle of fear, distress, inactivity, and poor health described here.     

论《刑法修正案（六）》对重大劳动安全事故罪的修改

近几年,我国重特大安全事故频发,尤其是煤矿行业的安全生产形势非常严峻,为了更有效地维护生产经营的安全,惩治那些不重视对安全生产设施和安全生产条件进行投入、建设、管理和维护的行为,《刑法修正案(六)》对重大劳动安全事故罪进行了修改,但是修改后的条文在犯罪构成要件的表述上不明确,在司法上不能得到准确适用。因此,有必要对本罪构成要件中的危害行为、主观要件和主体要件进行讨论和分析。     

Correlates of Mortality in a U.S. Cohort of Youth, 1980–98: Implications for Social Justice

This paper reports results of a study based on a nationally representative sample of U.S. youth (N = 11,549) that asked two questions: (1) How does family structure affect the likelihood of adolescent death beyond that of race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, personal behavior, and other structural factors and (2) under what conditions might appeals for social justice be warranted for relative mortality statuses and for absolute gains in mortality? The study found that marital instability increases the likelihood of dying when controlling for a variety of other factors including class, race/ethnicity, sex, and unemployment rate in area of residence. The author argues that this finding lends support to social justice arguments to redistribute resources in such a way as to ensure the likelihood of absolute gains in mortality. The study also found, however, that race/ethnicity/sex also accounted for the likelihood of dying independently of family structure when controlling for socioeconomic and other factors. The author argues that this finding lends support to social justice arguments to redistribute resources on the basis of relative mortality statuses.     

股东派生诉讼的几个争议问题探析

股东派生诉讼是小股东权益保护的一种有效的事后救济方式。本文在分析比较了几个主要国家和地区股东派生诉讼的主体、股东派生诉讼的前提条件和原告股东诉讼后费用承担等问题的基础上 ,结合我国公司的运作情况和诉讼现状 ,对我国未来公司法就以上相关问题作了初步探析。     

Hearts, as well as Minds: Wellbeing and Illness among Greek Cypriot Refugees

Recently the psycho-social health of refugees has rightly receivedemphasis, but the physical health of long-term refugees warrantssimilar attention. This paper uses qualitative and quantitativedata on informant-reported health outcomes for two Greek Cypriotvillage cohorts, one displaced, the other not displaced. Supplementarydata from a national diabetes prevalence study confirmed a possiblelink between refugee status and greater probability of cardiovascularillness. Depressive illness also seemed higher among the refugeevillage cohort. But it is not only the illness of some of theserefugees, but their surviving this, and the comparative wellnessof others which is important, compared with the ‘demographicshock’ victims of post-socialist Europe, 1989–1995.The paper suggests why the Greek Cypriots have done rather betterin health terms than the post-socialists of Eastern Europe,1989–1995, but argues that refugees in failing statesmay have much worse health outcomes.     

监狱人民警察的心理障碍及其调适

监狱人民警察的心理障碍是由心理征候集合而表现出的心理病变状态.监狱人民警察产生心理障碍的因素包括:工作劳累导致"心累";任务繁重,工作压力大;社会不理解,遭人非议;人际关系紧张、冲突;家庭成员的不理解、埋怨等.监狱人民警察的心理调适,是运用心理学的理论和方法,进行科学地有效调整,使监狱人民警察保持积极向上的健康的心理状态的过程.对监狱人民警察中出现的心理失衡现象,其克服的方法和途径主要有自我心理调适;家庭的心理调适;监狱领导机关对监狱人民警察的心理保健措施.     

中法两国国情的相似性及其启示

中法两国在地理条件、历史演进、政治形态、经济社会问题、文化特征、民族性格、外交政策和国际地位等多方面具有一定的相似性。两国国情诸多相似之处,一方面包含着有利于国家发展的积极因素,另一方面也反映出某些制约经济社会发展的因素和问题。中法国情比较,使我们更加客观地审视我国自身的优劣因素,特别是存在的各种矛盾和问题,从而找到解决问题的有效对策。     

浅议健康教育的作用

健康教育是解决当今社会主要卫生问题的首要对策.健康教育对于改变人们不健康折行为和生活方式,提高全民族的健康水平,保障社会劳动生产力,维护社会稳定,都具有非常重要的作用.     

农村女教师:撑起中国农村基础教育的半边天

本文基于2004年“全国中小学教师队伍基础调研”课题组对广西、福建、湖北、江苏、吉林、甘肃六省(区)的问卷调查数据,对农村女教师状况进行了系统分析。结论认为,农村女教师已成为农村基础教育中最具活力、有巨大发展潜力的群体。但是,鉴于女教师发展存在的问题,建议继续重视为农村学校配备女教师的工作,特别是在边远贫困、女性专业人才缺乏的地区,可通过政策倾斜、专项经费支持等措施增加女教师的数量和比例;继续加强对农村女教师的在职培训,重视对达到任职标准的农村女教师的提职晋升工作,特别是要增加拥有高级职称的女教师比例;注重对女校长的培养与任命。     

概念的系统性完善——论犯罪的方面与犯罪构成的要件、要素的关系

犯罪的方面包容相应的犯罪构成要件,犯罪构成要件由犯罪构成要素组成,对三者的定位涉及到坚持用科学系统论分析犯罪构成的问题,应当弥补传统刑法理论在概念上混淆三者的疏漏,科学构建完善作为理论大厦基石的概念,另外,对犯罪各方面下犯罪构成具体相应要件和要素纵向深入的剖析,进一步印证了对三者上述关系的分析。