医疗卫生信息化法治建设研究

随着我国医疗卫生信息化的纵深发展,在临床管理信息系统和远程医疗的应用正逐渐成熟而趋于智能化进程的同时,网络安全隐患、信息外泄、违法谋利及违背医学伦理和医德等问题,不同程度地降低了患者满意度和信任度,有损于在广大就医者群体才树立起的我国现代高科技医疗信息化的整体形象。因此有必要加强卫生信息化的网络安全监控,重点研究和完善国家和地方相关的卫生信息化法治建设,依法有效防范远程会诊信息被非法读取的风险;依法遏制为本医药机构谋取不当利益而外泄的信息数据;依法取缔发布虚假、带有欺诈性的医疗电子网络信息、医学图像的广告等非法行为,从而使医疗卫生信息化系统工程的建设朝着更为完善、健康和高速的方向发展。     

西部卫生法律法规研究

本文是由中国社会科学院法学所夏勇、刘瀚老师所主持的中央项目——《西部开发法律法规研究》的内容之一。它从中央立法与地方立法两个级别、多个层次出发,对与我国西部开发有关的卫生法律法规进行了全面的整理与分析,以期从立法角度促进我国西部卫生法律法规的完善。     

论科学发展观指导下的和谐卫生建设——关于卫生结构调整之于公平可及性的思考

经济社会发展的终极目标是人的健康与幸福。本研究力求以科学发展观为指导，通过把握现实而具终极意义的卫生发展方向，探寻卫生结构失衡所致的去功能化历史成因；探索健康合目的性与卫生合规律性的和谐统一；探讨“上中压西”地调整卫生结构之资源有效利用的目标；探求实现符合中国国情的健康公平可及目的的有效途径。     

Dental hygiene students' matching accuracy when comparing antemortem dental radiographs and oral photographs to simulated postmortem WinID3® odontograms

Matching dental antemortem (AM) and postmortem (PM) data for human identification is especially challenging when the workforce is limited. Dental hygienists have served mass fatality incidents (MFIs) due to dental-related expertise. However, forensics within dental hygiene education and research on transferable skills is limited. This qualitative balance design study assessed senior dental hygiene students' match accuracy of simulated cases varying in dental identifiers based on AM full mouth series (FMS) radiographs and oral photographs to PM WinID3^® odontograms to demonstrate possible disaster victim identification (DVI) transferable skills gained during formal education. A convenience sample of senior dental hygiene students (n = 31) was presented information on WinID3^® interpretation, then presented with 5 mismatched cases and asked to visually interpret each to make 10 total matches; five based on AM FMS with simulated PM WinID3^® odontograms and five based on AM photographs with PM WinID3^® odontograms. Match accuracy scores ranged from 41.9% to 58.1% for cases with 1–10 identifiers, and 77.4% to 93.5% for cases with 11–40 identifiers. Accuracy when matching AM radiographs to PM odontograms versus AM photographs to PM odontograms was compared and revealed no statistical differences in match accuracy depending on image type (p = 0.388 to 1.000). Results of this pilot study suggests transferable match accuracy skills resulted from the participants' dental hygiene formal education. These baseline skills with additional specialized training support the rationale for dental hygienists serving on DVI teams. More research is needed in education and practice when preparing dental hygienists for forensic-based service.     

俄罗斯人口健康问题初探

20世纪90年代至今,俄罗斯出现了严重的人口危机,不仅人口数量下降,人口的健康状况也存在很多问题,如居民的卫生条件差、饮食营养结构缺乏科学性、日常生活习惯不健康等。俄罗斯联邦政府努力加大医生的培养力度、增加医疗卫生拨款、提高社会福利待遇、改善人民生活、倡导健康生活方式、努力延长人口平均寿命。     

医政监督执法中的焦点问题分析及解决对策

通过对2006年青岛市卫生监督所医政执法监督处罚的93例违反《医疗机构管理条例》和《母婴保健法》案例的分析,可见其中最为显著的违法问题是医疗机构存在使用非卫生技术人员的现象,占到全部处罚案例的87%。成为卫生医政监督执法中的焦点问题。依法界定执法职责,梳理执法依据,分解执法职权,确定执法责任,是医政执法监督面临的重大课题。     

完善我国食品安全法律体系初探

当前,我国的食品安全现状不容乐观。本文在对我国现行食品安全法律进行客观分析的基础上,结合西方发达国家的有益经验,就我国食品安全法律体系的完善,提出了相应的建议。     

派发超保质期食品案引起的思考

通过一起超保质期食品投诉案件的调查,引发对非生产经营食品“违法”行为处理的争议。由于《食品卫生法》在公益派送食品卫生管理上的空白,使对违规食品的处理无法可依。本案经分析争议要点和难点的处理,提出对公益派送食品卫生管理立法的建议,以完善《食品卫生法》。     

Indian Citizenship and the Discourse of Hygiene/Disease in Nineteenth‐Century Peru

Citizenship had become conflated with 'race' in late nineteenth century Latin America partly on account of the new language of biological science. This article focuses on the contest between rights of belonging and rights of citizenship as played out in a provincial town in Andean Peru during the late nineteenth century. In particular, it explores how by drawing on a discourse of hygiene/disease a provincial elite was able to restrict access to public space in the town and thus deny 'Indians' the possibility of participating as citizens in urban political life.     

‘I’m about to get my tamp on.’ Framing tampons in We Media promotion posts targeting Chinese females

With much silence around menstruation, certain superstitions and beliefs still prevail in Confucian East Asian cultures such as China. As a result, domestic tampon brands did not appear until 2016. This study examines the promotion posts of tampons that are new to Chinese females on We Media channels. Specifically, a content analysis was conducted on the frames used in these promotion posts composed by different types of public accounts, guided by the intersectional perspective. Besides the commonly used generic frames, the issue-specific frames reflected how public accounts symbolized the use of the product. More than half of the promotion posts focused on the health benefits of tampons, and about a quarter portrayed them as being trendy. Despite their relative small amounts, the care and independence frames were also worth further attention, considering that contemporary Chinese society is increasingly normalizing gender equality and females’ economic independence. While a spectrum of values and ideas co-exist, these posts reflect the gender equality wave of the current kaleidoscopic Chinese society.