邓小平政党外交思想的理论体系

本文对“政党外交思想”和“党际关系理论”两个概念进行了区别,初步阐述了加强邓小平政党外交思想研究的重要意义;从指导思想、目标宗旨、主题判断、功能作用以及党际关系的基本原则和策略艺术等方面阐明和构建了邓小平政党外交思想的主要内容和理论体系。     

交通成本、消费者选择与旅游目的地发展

交通成本在旅游者目的地选择中的重要性,取决于交通成本在旅游总成本中所占比例的大小。假如其它的旅游费用相对于交通费用较高,那么,交通费用在目的地选择中的重要性就被大大地减弱了。一般来说,旅游距离的增加往往引起交通费用的增加,交通费用在旅游总费用中的比重也会相应增加。因此,如果一个旅游地想吸引较远客源地的游客,就必须设法降低两地间的交通成本。     

当代西方社会学理论的十大发展趋势

本文总结当代西方社会学理论的十大发展趋势:(1)经典依然处于核心地位;(2)宏观与微观的理论整合;(3)社会理论与历史的融合;(4)全球化成为重要理论议题;(5)社会理论中心的转移;(6)后现代思潮的冲击;(7)社会建构主义的勃兴;(8)女性主义的挑战;(9)社会理论的空间转向;(10)将身体带入社会学理论。文章的最后部分讨论了西方社会学理论发展脉络对于中国社会学的理论创新的意义。     

隐性动态贫困的识别与治理——兼论反向国债作为扶贫济困新思路的可行性

“隐性动态贫困”的识别与治理是一个世界性难题,也是我国扶贫济困工作未来所面对的主要挑战。传统治理工具主要应对“绝对贫困状态-相对贫困状态”路径及存在可识别的贫困表征的相对贫困问题,较难对“非贫困状态-相对贫困状态”路径的相对贫困问题进行有效的识别与应对。以“隐性动态贫困”问题的有效识别与应对为目标,国家应推出反向国债作为一种新的扶贫济困的治理工具,以作为传统扶贫济困治理工具的补充,为相对贫困中的“隐性动态贫困”问题的识别与治理提供新思路。     

Organizational and Human Factors Affecting Forensic Decision-Making: Workplace Stress and Feedback

Although forensic examiners operate in a stressful environment, there is a lack of understanding about workplace stress and feedback. These organizational and human factors can potentially impact forensic science judgments. In this study, 150 practicing forensic examiners from one laboratory were surveyed about their experiences of workplace stress, and the explicit and implicit feedback they receive. Forensic examiners reported that their high stress levels originated more from workplace-related factors (management and/or supervision, backlogs, and the pressure to do many cases) than from personal related factors (family, medical, and/or financial). The findings showed that a few (8%) of the forensic examiners sometimes felt strong implicit feedback about what conclusions were expected from them and that some (14%) also strongly felt that they were more appreciated when they helped to solve a case (e.g., by reaching a “match” as opposed to an “inconclusive” conclusion). Differences were found when comparing workplace stress and feedback levels across three core forensic science fields (forensic biology, chemistry, and latent prints) and across career stages (early, mid, and late). Gaining insights into the stress factors within a workplace and explicit and implicit feedback has implications for developing policies to improve the well-being, motivation, and performance of forensic examiners.     

Why Women Don’t Win Literary Awards: The Saltire Society Literary Awards and Implicit Stereotyping

The purpose of this analysis is to consider the Saltire Society’s Book of the Year and First Book of the Year Awards in relation to wider issues pertaining to media representations of Scottish literary and publishing culture. Through a statistical analysis of the Society’s Book of the Year and First Book of the Year shortlists and winners between 1988 and 2014, this examination shows the extent to which the Society’s Literary Awards reflect, as opposed to subvert, historic and existing gender imbalances in Scottish literary and publishing culture. Indeed, despite critics arguing that there was a change in tide in the late 1980s and early 1990s regarding the balance in gender representation in Scottish literature, this analysis suggests that Scotland’s book award culture, and in turn, literary culture more widely, remains dominated by men. Perceptions of the apparent ‘balancing’ of the gender disparity in Scottish writing do not align with the statistics discussed here, a fact further evidence by misconceptions held by members of the Society’s own Literary Awards judging panels. Accordingly, this article contends that such inconsistencies lend credence to the argument that the Society’s judges have participated in implicit stereotyping based upon culturally pervasive stereotypes’ that Scottish women writers play a ‘minor’ role in Scottish literary and publishing culture.     

A Model for Female-Perpetrated Domestic Violence

Child abuse often coexists with intimate partner violence. However, limited studies incorporate both phenomena in a single study. Moreover, the examination of female-on-male violence is an important development. Hence, an intrinsic case study of domestic violence is presented to provide insights regarding the nature and impact of female-perpetrated violence. The research approach was qualitative and demonstrated that a model for abusive behavior seems to be similar for both sexes. The data revealed theoretical trends such as the reality of an intergenerational transmission of violence into adulthood, as well as abusive partners presenting with borderline traits.     

The social semiotic of homophone phrase substitution in Chinese netizen discourse

The paper addresses an ingenious way by which Chinese netizens manage to reach their intended audiences under the radar of censors surveying the Internet in China. One specifically Chinese social use of language in this respect is the option to express criticism by using inoffensive characters that share the same or similar pronunciation with politically sensitive phrasing. We identify this type of expression as homophone phrase substitution (HPS). The device has been part of Chinese since ancient times under the name political metaphor. We address the main constraints at work in HPS, especially the role of voice (prosodic contour) that guides the construction of two divergent kinds of aboutness. Leaving aside its critical function in contemporary society, by contrasting HPS with verbal irony, metaphor, and Australian rhyming slang, and by drawing on semiologie and semiotics, indirect speech acts and implicit deixis, we suggest that this linguistic option throws new light on the semantic/pragmatic distinction.     

中国特色社会主义理论产生的社会历史根源

中国特色社会主义是社会主义自身发展的产物.社会主义体制危机呼唤社会主义的理论创新.现代生产力是中国特色社会主义理论产生的物质前提;时代主题的转换为中国特色社会主义理论的产生创造了合适的国际环境;中国共产党创新马克思主义的优良传统,以及它的领袖邓小平崇高的理想、高尚的情操、坚强的意志、丰富的经验、深厚的理论素养和创新的思维能力,是中国特色社会主义理论产生的不可或缺的主观条件;马列主义,毛泽东思想是中国特色社会主义理论的理论基础和主要理论来源;当代世界文明发展的优秀成果是中国特色社会主义理论的重要理论来源;中华民族优秀传统文化是孕育中国特色社会主义理论的深厚土壤.