关于完善个人所得税法的思考

本文就修改现行个人所得税法的必要性进行了阐述,针对现行个人所得税法存在的立法不规范、税制模式不尽合理、起征点偏低、税率设置不合理、税基不科学、存在重复征税现象、征税方法不完善、公民认可程度不高、税款流失严重等问题进行了分析,提出了对个人所得税法在八个方面进行完善的一些构想。     

就业平等权的法律保护

形形色色的就业歧视现象说明,目前我国公民的就业平等权保护不足。这种情况不利于维护我国法律的权威,不利于维护稳定的法治秩序,也不符合就业平等权保护的国际化潮流。应当从我国实际情况出发,借鉴其他国家的经验,加强对公民就业平等权的法律保护,为此需要从完善立法、加强执法、司法等方面采取有效措施。     

妇女就业中遭受“隐性歧视”问题的成因及对策浅析

妇女在就业中遭受"隐性歧视",已成为阻碍妇女成为先进生产力创造者的社会问题.真正解决这一问题,首先,要从根本上转变传统观念,树立科学的男女平等观,鼓励妇女从家庭的束缚中解脱出来,这是消除就业"隐性歧视"的根本;其次,要致力于提高妇女文化素质、心理素质,使妇女有实力去竞争合适的岗位,这是消除就业"隐性歧视"的关键;最后,要健全保障妇女就业的政策法规,制定具体的、切实可行的监督管理措施,使侵犯妇女平等就业权利的行为能够受到严厉惩处,这是消除就业"隐性歧视"的保障.     

The Implementation of European Anti‐Discrimination Directives: Converging towards a Common Model?

This article examines the impact on national law and policy of two Directives on combating discrimination adopted by the EU in 2000. It considers the extent to which their transposition has resulted in the 'Europeanisation' of anti-discrimination law and whether this implies convergence in the direction of a common model. Two themes are examined: the list of protected grounds of discrimination and the creation of equality institutions. All 27 states have introduced legal reforms in response to the Directives and a loose level of convergence can be identified. Nevertheless, specific national traditions have proved resilient, for example, shaping the meaning attached to terms such as 'disability' or the structure and powers of equality bodies.     

Effects of Individual and Contextual Characteristics on Preadjudication Detention of Juvenile Delinquents

This study examined individual and contextual factors affecting preadjudication detention of juvenile delinquents in 65 counties of a northeastern state. Results demonstrated that while individual characteristics of the juvenile delinquents were important predictors, much of the variation in decisions was explained when contextual factors of the counties were included in a two‐level hierarchical linear model. In addition to the statistically significant legal and extralegal juvenile characteristics, our study found that counties with a higher percentage of non‐White population were more likely to detain juvenile delinquents prior to adjudication. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering both individual and contextual factors of jurisdictions when examining the adjudication process.     

个人与国家之间:当代法文化的价值观

法文化的价值问题属于“法统”范畴,它是任何时代的法文化必然具备的一个核心问题.当代中国提出的社会主义核心价值体系是研究当代法文化之价值问题的一个理论前提,从社会主义核心价值体系中可以解读出与法文化的价值问题息息相关的概念组合,这就是个人和国家的关系.当代法文化之“法统”既不应该是单纯的个人主义,也不是单纯的国家主义,而必然是个人与国家的有机统一,但要统一于具体语境之中,就需要引入实践智慧的概念.当代法文化的“法统”所依据的理性基础是关系理性,这种理性形态在传统中国法文化以及马克思主义理论中都有良好的思想支撑.     

植物SSR标记的研究现状及其在法庭科学中的应用

随着SSR分子标记技术的深入研究,其在植物遗传多样性分析、种属鉴定、个体识别中得到越来越广泛的应用。本文就植物SSR分子标记技术的特性、发展、研究现状进行综述,并探讨其在法庭科学中的应用前景,旨在为法庭科学和相关学科中的应用和相关领域中的研究提供参考。     

6+1STR试剂盒和电泳凝胶EX-Q20用于DNA快速检验

目的 建立快速个体识别STR分型方法.方法 取采集于FTA上的血样200份,经打孔仪取等量血痕分别使用6+1 STR试剂盒结合新型毛细管电泳凝胶EX-Q20进行快速电泳分析和使用SinofilerTM试剂盒结合POP4胶进行电泳分析,比较两者所耗费时间和结果的差异. 结果 6+1 STR试剂盒结合新型毛细管电泳凝胶能够...     

论个人刑事责任原则在国际刑法中的体现

经过历史发展,个人刑事责任原则的观念逐渐形成,并体现在主要的国际性法律文件以及国际刑事审判活动中,成为国际刑法中的一项重要的基本原则。然而,鉴于多种因素的考量,目前权威国际刑法规范所规定的个人刑事责任原则只体现在自然人实施特定国际犯罪的情形中,并没有确认法人和国家的刑事责任主体地位。     

Pilot Study of Automated Bullet Signature Identification Based on Topography Measurements and Correlations*†

Abstract: A procedure for automated bullet signature identification is described based on topography measurements using confocal microscopy and correlation calculation. Automated search and retrieval systems are widely used for comparison of firearms evidence. In this study, 48 bullets fired from six different barrel manufacturers are classified into different groups based on the width class characteristic for each land engraved area of the bullets. Then the cross‐correlation function is applied both for automatic selection of the effective correlation area, and for the extraction of a 2D bullet profile signature. Based on the cross‐correlation maximum values, a list of top ranking candidates against a ballistics signature database of bullets fired from the same model firearm is developed. The correlation results show a 9.3% higher accuracy rate compared with a currently used commercial system based on optical reflection. This suggests that correlation results can be improved using the sequence of methods described here.