论民事诉讼法与民事实体法的关系——以消费者权益保护诉讼为考察对象

在现代社会中,民事诉讼法与民事实体法应该是和谐统一的有机整体,它们为着共同的目标——保护当事人的合法权益,在诉讼中互相影响、互相衔接、互相作用。正是基于这种理念,本文以消费者权益保护诉讼为具体考察对象,试图对消费者权益保护诉讼程序的具体构建提出相关立法建议。     

论伪劣商品案件调查中的经营策略

制售伪劣商品，严重侵害广大消费者的身心健康和国家的经济利益。严厉查处伪劣商品案件是相关行政与刑事执法部门面临的严峻任务。面对着各种制售假商品案件正向团伙化、网络化、程序化方向发展的趋势，执法部门的应对策略是运用经营理念，把各种线索叠加和整合起来，拓展案源，丰富证据，实现整体打击。同时把握案件经营的具体策略，掌握案件经营中情报调研、协作、保密、奖励机制等成功要素，从而实现打击伪劣商品案件执法活动的主动化和规范化。     

弱势群体对制度伦理的需求

当前,弱势群体的弱势地位主要是由制度伦理缺陷造成的。只有加强制度伦理建设,从公正的伦理原则出发,维护弱势群体权利与义务的统一,才能提升弱势群体的地位,逐步消除强弱群体间的社会矛盾。     

弱势群体与我国改革发展中的治安稳定

经济体制改革和政治体制改革将我国带入了一个复杂的社会转型期,在这个时期,一个特殊的群体———社会性弱势群体正逐渐产生、显现,并且规模渐大。对社会治安稳定也产生了不小影响。     

入世:银行业面临的挑战及对策

入世后五年内，我国将根据ＷＴＯ有关协议全面开放银行业市场。我国银行业作为缺乏比较优势的服务业之一，将面临外资银行的严峻竞争和挑战。因此，我国银行业应当针对自身存在的问题，加快改革开放和创新步伐，不断提高国际竞争力。     

Vertical Lip Position and Thickness in Facial Reconstruction: A Validation of Commonly Used Methods for Predicting the Position and Size of Lips

This study examined several methods used to estimate oral fissure position, lip margin position, and lip thickness recommended by Angel, George, Lebedinskaya, Taylor, Wilkinson et al., Balueva and Veselovskaya. A sample of 86 lateral head cephalograms of adult subjects from central Europe were measured and the actual and predicted dimensions were compared. The best estimation for oral fissure position was “opposite the lower ¾ mark of maxillary incisors” (error of 1.3 mm). Upper lip margin was predicted best by “upper ¼ mark of maxillary incisors” (error of 1.7 mm), and lower lip margin by “cementum‐enamel junction of mandibular incisors” (error of 2.3 mm). The regression equations of Wilkinson et al. displayed least error (1.3 mm and 1.8 mm, respectively) for upper and lower lip thickness, and method of George (error of 3.4 mm) for total lip thickness.     

Ancestral Variation in Orbital Rim Shape: A Three‐Dimensional Pilot Study

Traditional nonmetric methods of ancestry assessment posit orbital rim shape varies among ancestral groups. This pilot study uses morphometric analysis of 3D orbital variation to test discrimination among individuals of primarily European, African, and Asian ancestry. Although the size and nature of the sample analyzed limit inferences for other samples, principal components analysis suggests ancestry has a significant effect on rim shape (p = 2.93e‐04). European orbits display more marked folding of the orbit in the sagittal plane than either African or Asian orbits, while the lateral margin of African orbits lies further posterior relative to the medial margin when compared to Asian orbits. The findings suggest curviplanar relationships are the most ancestrally informative aspect of orbital rim shape; these relationships may be distorted by perspective based on orientation of the skull relative to the viewer in traditional nonmetric analyses. Additional studies on geometric morphometric approaches to ancestry assessment are therefore warranted.     

Sudden Death Secondary to an Undiagnosed B‐Cell Lymphoma of the Hypopharynx and Infiltration of the Inferior Constrictor Muscle

The aim of this presentation was to share an uncommon form of sudden death, suffered by a 64‐year‐old woman, due to a mechanical obstruction of hypopharynx by an undiagnosed B‐cell lymphoma, infiltrating the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. A forensic approach by means of scene investigation, circumstantial data collection, autopsy, and histological and toxicological investigations led to conclude that the cause of death was asphyxia, correlated with B‐cell lymphoma of the hypopharynx. The autopsy examination highlighted the presence of a wall thickening, infiltrating, and projecting into the hypopharynx lumen. The histological analysis showed the essential finding of a B‐cell lymphoma of the hypopharynx, diffusely infiltrating the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. To conclude, this case demonstrates once more that in the absence of specific data, a thorough forensic investigation including autopsy, histological examination, and circumstantial data collection is mandatory to reach a correct cause of death.     

生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪的竞合问题探析

关于生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪的竞合所涉及的罪数形态问题,主要存在“法条竞合论”、“想象竞合犯论”、“牵连犯论”以及“实质数罪论”等几种观点。在生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪竞合的场合,存在“一个行为”和“两个行为”的情形。这对罪数形态的判断会产生直接的影响。在“一个行为”的场合,即行为人在生产伪劣商品的过程中假冒他人的注册商标,或者在生产伪劣商品的过程中假冒他人的注册商标后又销售该商品的,成立想象竞合犯;在“两个行为”的场合,即行为人在他人生产的伪劣商品上假冒注册商标后销售该商品的,成立牵连犯。根据罪数理论通说,对想象竞合犯和牵连犯都应予以从一重罪处断。     

民事公诉制度质疑

近来不少学者主张在我国应尽快建立民事公诉制度,赋予检察机关在一定范围内的民事起诉权,而从保护社会公益、解决群众性纠纷、保护弱者和加强法律监督四个方面分析,民事公诉制度在理论上存在着误区和在实际运作上可能陷入困境.其不具有存在的合理性、合法性和必要性,解决相关问题应加大行政执法力度,加强检察监督,赋予检察机关民事诉讼参诉权.