解读“国家尊重和保障人权”——析宪法修改对刑事诉讼法再修改的影响

修改后的宪法确立了“国家尊重和保障人权”原则。从修宪的背景、修宪的精神以及立法机关的解释可以解读出 ,该原则强调人权的个体性、非工具性和非功利性。我国现行刑事诉讼法的目的具有极强的功利性 ,对权利保障的规定具有浓厚的工具色彩。因此 ,刑事诉讼法再修改时 ,应当以修宪所确立的人权保障内涵和要求为检视标准 ,重新界定刑事诉讼法的目的 ,确立或修改相关的诉讼原则、制度和规则。     

程序法与实体法关系的法理学评析

在实体法和程序法的关系问题上,近年在质疑和批判传统上占主流的“程序工具主义“的过程中出现的“程序至上论“、“价值补充论“、“内容决定论“等,都经不起唯物辩证法的批判性考察.“平行论“的观点是正确的,因为实体法与程序法既相互依赖、互为前提,又相互分离、相互独立,并相互渗透、相互贯通.进一步看,程序法可以弥补实体法的不足,程序问题优先于实体问题,程序应当先行.     

Striking the federal bargain in Russia: comparative regional government strategies

The central research goals of this article are to classify and explain the positions of the 89 state “governors” of Russia with regard to the most desirable federal division of power. The state governors are classified along a 5-item autonomy index based on events data and content analysis of their speeches, declarations, petitions, threats and actions from 1991–1995 as reported in two regional sources. Theoretical propositions derived from four schools of thought (essentialism, instrumentalism, relative deprivation and resource mobilization) are tested to discover which, if any, provide useful insights into the preferences and behavior of regional elites in Russia. In the end, a combined model that synthesizes elements of the above is shown to be most useful in explaining variation in elite positions.     

Beyond Instrumentalism: A Relational Approach to Negotiation

Instrumentalism, the philosophy that rational people will behave in ways that promote self‐interest, is often the default assumption that scholars and practitioners rely upon when interpreting and predicting human behavior in negotiations. Instrumentalism, however, need not be the only lens through which negotiators and negotiations are viewed. In this article, we discuss some of the problems associated with too heavy a reliance on instrumentalism and propose an alternative relational approach, one in which negotiators see themselves as agents embedded in a system of relationships, who are motivated to understand and advance the welfare of others. We discuss some of the characteristics that differentiate negotiators who adopt a relational versus instrumental approach and invite scholars and practitioners to consider the implications of viewing negotiations through a more relational lens.     

论《天坛宪草》的国家权力配置

《天坛宪草》中国会与立法权力优越过度的国家权力配置具体表现为:超强的国会和立法权力;受到严格制约的总统和国务院以及行政权力;漂移的法院和司法权力;纵向的国家权力配置阙失;法律工具主义隐身于权力之争。国会与立法权力优越过度的配置模式与法律工具主义的缺陷成为招致宪法草案胎死腹中之命运的一个关键因素和直接诱因。     

The Mechanics of Cultural Diplomacy: A Comparative Case Study Analysis from the European Context

The National Institutes for Culture have not attracted much scholarly attention examining their managerial practices. The aim of this article is to explore how the state expresses its agency over the Cultural Institutes of six European countries: the UK, Germany, France, Spain, Sweden, and Greece. Agency presents varying modalities, making instrumentalism more multifaceted than has been implied so far. The authors are introducing here a framework of five “touchpoints” to capture and analyze instrumentalism in cultural diplomacy. Funding, agenda setting, evaluation, hierarchy, and appointment power constitute the typical system of interactions between the Cultural Institutes and their reporting authorities.     

社会学法理学的(可能)代价与限度——从社会整合看庞德《法理学》(第1卷)

庞德社会学法理学受到索罗金文化整合理论的影响,实质上是一种基于社会利益的文化整合与规范整合相结合而探讨法律与社会整合问题的学说.这种理论的(可能)代价是法律工具主义、政治威权主义甚或极权主义;这种规范整合的理论限度是其效果与社会规模和复杂程度成反比,谋求实质性判准的文化整合也不符合后形而上时代社会复杂化、多元化和理性情境化的需要.     

Law,fact and legal language

This paper discusses the difference between the factual and the legal, both as to terms and as to statements, on the analogy of the methodologists' distinction of the observational and the theoretical. No absolute distinction exists, and pure brute facts do not exist in law because of the socialisation of physical world and juridification of the social world.; also, the effect of evidentiary constraints. Law/fact distinction depends on applicability rules. The problem of mixed terms is partly a matter of judicial pragmatics, partly to do with the character of applicability rules, and their extensiveness. Semantic realism versus semantic instrumentalism in respect of legal terms -- the latter preferred. Tendency to abstract terms in advanced legal orders.     

符号:祛魅、异化与批判——工具主义思维模式下的意识形态镜像

当作为意识形态的符号话语以一种特殊的景观流连于现代性的温床之上,意义的死亡、主体的虚无变得凌乱而令人困惑。冰冷的符号背后是鲜活的社会关系、交织的利益纽带、现实的权力冲动,符号价值超越、操纵了一切现实交换。拨开符号神圣的外衣,我们看到的是商品拜物教下的符号崇拜与消费异化,是现实的人的生产消费关联,是工具主义思维模式下的意识形态镜像。     

行政法视域下的正当程序原则探析

行政法中的正当程序原则是指行政权力的运行应当符合最低限度程序公正的标准。它起源于英国自然正义原则,在美国宪法中得以发扬光大,现已成为世界许多国家行政程序的基本原则。程序正当性的评判不应只具有单一价值标准,正当程序既具有工具价值又具有独立价值;正当程序原则的内容包括行政公开、主持者中立、行政参与、说明理由、案卷排他。这项原则在我国行政法治中已得到快速发展,但作为一项基本的法律原则有待于在未来的行政程序法中得以确立。