新形势下各种社会利益关系和人民内部矛盾问题探讨

我国当前的社会利益关系呈现出来源多样化、主体多元化、差距扩大化、群体弱势化、冲突激烈化等一系列变化。对于新形势下的社会利益关系和人民内部矛盾,既要高度重视,又要正确估价,把握特点。坚持以人为本,区别对待,创新工作机制,协调利益关系,推进第一要务,是正确处理当前各种利益关系和人民内部矛盾的基本原则和思路。     

试论图解分析与现代室内设计

在现代室内设计过程中，图解分析的思维方式是十分重要的。本文重点对图解方式、方法以及重要性做了全面的阐述。     

Three-dimensional surface topography acquisition and analysis for firearm identification

In the last decade, computer-based systems for the comparison of microscopic firearms evidence have been the subject of considerable research work because of their expected capability of supporting the firearms examiner through the automated analysis of large amounts of evidence. The Integrated Ballistics Identification System, which is based on a two-dimensional representation of the specimen surface, has been widely adopted in forensic laboratories worldwide. More recently, some attempts to develop systems based on three-dimensional (3D) representations of the specimen surface have been made, both in the literature and as industrial products, such as BulletTRAX-3D, but fundamental limitations in achieving fully automated identification remain. This work analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of a 3D-based approach by proposing an approach and a prototype system for firearms evidence comparison that is based on the acquisition and analysis of the 3D surface topography of specimens, with particular reference to cartridge cases. The concept of 3D virtual comparison microscope is introduced, whose purpose is not to provide fully automated identification, but to show how the availability of 3D shape information can provide a whole new set of verification means, some of them being described and discussed in this work, specifically, visual enhancement tools and quantitative measurement of shape properties, for supporting, not replacing, the firearm examiner in reaching the final decision.     

Automated detection of regions of interest in cartridge case images using deep learning

This paper explores a deep-learning approach to evaluate the position of circular delimiters in cartridge case images. These delimiters define two regions of interest (ROI), corresponding to the breech face and the firing pin impressions, and are placed manually or by an image-processing algorithm. This positioning bears a significant impact on the performance of the image-matching algorithms for firearm identification, and an automated evaluation method would be beneficial to any computerized system. Our contribution consists in optimizing and training U-Net segmentation models from digital images of cartridge cases, intending to locate ROIs automatically. For the experiments, we used high-resolution 2D images from 1195 samples of cartridge cases fired by different 9MM firearms. Our results show that the segmentation models, trained on augmented data sets, exhibit a performance of 95.6% IoU (Intersection over Union) and 99.3% DC (Dice Coefficient) with a loss of 0.014 for the breech face images; and a performance of 95.9% IoU and 99.5% DC with a loss of 0.011 for the firing pin images. We observed that the natural shapes of predicted circles reduce the performance of segmentation models compared with perfect circles on ground truth masks suggesting that our method provide a more accurate segmentation of the real ROI shape. In practice, we believe that these results could be useful for firearms identification. In future work, the predictions may be used to evaluate the quality of delimiters on specimens in a database, or they could determine the region of interest on a cartridge case image.     

Ballistic impact of hollow-point ammunition on porcine bone

Identifying failure mechanisms in skeletal tissue allows a deeper understanding of the effects of specific projectile impacts on bone. While ballistic trauma in flat bones is largely researched, knowledge of how long bones react to gunshot impacts is limited in the literature. The impacts of deforming ammunition appear to produce higher levels of fragmentation; however, these have not been studied in depth. This study compares the damage to femora bone by HP 0.357 and 9 mm projectiles constructed with both full and semi-metal jackets. Impact experiments were undertaken on a single-stage light gas gun involving the use of a high-speed video camera and full reconstruction of the bones to ascertain fracture patterns occurring in the femora. Higher degrees of fragmentation are likened to the presence of semi-jacketed HP projectiles than jacketed HP projectiles. The observations of external facing beveled edges are believed to be associated with the increased separation of the jacket and lead core of projectiles. Additionally, experimentation has shown that the amount of kinetic energy lost postimpact is likely related to the presence or the absence of a metal jacket on an HP projectile. The observed data, therefore, suggest that the composition, rather than the configuration, of a projectile affects the type and extent of the damage.     

Fabrication of compound nonwoven materials for soft body armor

The primary objective of body armor research is the development of low-cost, lightweight, wearable garments that effectively resist ballistic impact. This study introduces a material intended to reduce nonpenetration trauma by absorbing energy from ballistic impacts. Layers of web were made by low-melting point polyester (LMPET) on unaligned fibers of high-strength polyamide 6 (HSPA6). A compound nonwoven fabric was made by laying high-strength Vectran filaments between two layers of HSPA6-LMPET web. The new fabric underwent needle punching and thermal bonding to form a composite sandwich structure. The new fabric was subjected to a falling weight impact test and a ballistic impact test. The results indicated that the material with the new design reduced maximum indentation depth by 8%. Furthermore, soft body armor made from the material with the new design would cost less to produce and would weigh 22.5% less than conventional soft body armor.     

论刑事侦查执法中的内部监督

刑事侦查执法队伍庞大、执法工作范围广泛,需要有强有力的执法监督制度加以约束。健全及加强刑事侦查执法的内部监督机制,成为了亟待解决的课题。文章围绕公安机关刑事侦查执法的内部监督问题进行研究,阐明了我国刑事侦查执法内部监督的必要性,分析了其运行现状及存在缺陷,并就日常监督发现的问题有针对性地提出了解决办法,以期为公安机关刑事侦查执法内部监督工作提供必要的理论依据。     

团结情感、私人裁决与法院行动——公司内解决纠纷之规范结构

团结乃人类社会之既存事实和本性,公司内部纠纷解决机制的安排也应适应社会团结的需要,尽力促进团结功能的实现。近年来,注重凸显个体自由与权利的公司法改革,客观上已产生激化矛盾、挑起诉讼的效果,影响了公司内部效率性团结的实现。为维护团结,法律似应公开承认公司机构对内部纠纷的预先裁决权,以此压抑不必要的诉讼,和平化解公司内部矛盾。在公司内部纠纷解决中,法院只是一种必要的、但非必不可少、更非首当其冲的机制。团体法的制度设计要尊重和维护团体自解纠纷的能力,贯彻内部裁判优先原则,不能仅仅寄望于以外部机制解决内部问题。也许,我们应该反思现行规则是否适合我们生存的这个时代?——在公司纠纷的内部解决上,我们还需打破诉讼迷信主义,从规范结构上展开一场团结性的变革或解释。     

中国经济增长的外部不经济及其解决途径

尽管近几年中国经济保持了强劲的发展势头,但经济的快速增长却掩盖不了“高投入、高消耗、高排放、不协调、难循环、低效率”等外部不经济性。我们通过对中国经济增长的投入效率、能源消耗、污染排放的分析,得出的一个基本判断是:增长方式粗放,存在不经济性。为此,必须深化经济体制改革,促进增长方式转变,这是解决经济增长外部不经济的根本途径。     

现行地理标志保护制度的内在冲突及其解决方案探讨

从表面上看,地理标志在我国可以受到商标法、原产地域产品保护制度等全面的、多重的保护,但实际上,这两种保护制度之间矛盾的存在导致:在先注册的商标权与在后由商品检验检疫局授予的地理标志权的冲突;一般商标权与地理标志权的冲突;期待地理标志权与先注册商标权的冲突.解决地理标志保护体制之间的冲突应当把握保护在先权原则和效益兼顾原则.