论我国侦查程序中法官角色的重塑

侦查程序的正当化系现代法治国家刑事诉讼文明的重要标志,而法官的应然作用对侦查程序的正当化起关键性作用。我国侦查程序中法官应然角色作用缺失,形成种种弊端,严重违背程序正义理念的要求,亟待予以重新塑造,以充分保障人权,促进我国刑事诉讼文明、民主的进程。     

从国家社科基金立项项目看法学研究状况——一种知识社会学的视角

通过对1993-2004年来国家社会科学基金立项的法学类项目类立项资助项目相关指标的分析,来展现我国目前法学学术生产格局的大致状况及其背后动因;并通过与经济学社科基金立项项目的比较以及对法学类社科基金立项项目在社科基金项目中所占比例等数据的分析,来呈视法学作为一门独立学科在整个人文社会科学界的地位变迁,以及这种变迁背后的权力———知识格局。     

To Wonderland Through the Looking-glass: Conceiving a Critical Legal Argument for Contractual Justice in the South African Law of Contract †

The aim of this paper is to identify the possible substructure (looking glass/es) of a critical legal argument for contractual justice (Wonderland) in the South African law of contract. South African contract law still fails, ten years after the constitutional transformation, to reflect the constitutional ideals of freedom, equality and human dignity in an acceptable manner. I argue that this disposition places a question mark over the legitimacy of contract law and marginalizes opportunities for the social change envisaged by the Constitution. The paper explores Duncan Kennedy’s Form and Substance-argument and indicates that the reluctance to accommodate these values may be attributable to the fact that the majority of role-players position themselves on the individualism/rules side of Kennedy’s continuum – a paradigm that perceives the law of contract as a body of positivistic rules to be applied neutrally and regardless of the social or socio-economic distortions its application may generate. In an attempt to move away from this traditional approach, the privileged paradigm is criticised. A typical CLS-approach is followed which employs sociology, psychological jurisprudence and game theory to criticise the law from outside the restrictive realms of law itself. Simultaneously, I attempt to illuminate the argument for a shift (step through the looking glass) to another paradigm. I conclude that our judiciary finds itself in a position similar to that of Plato’s prisoners in the cave and will not reach the point where they apply relevant (constitutional) values directly to contractual disputes. The State is thus responsible for infusing contract law with contractual justice, by implementing legislation to this effect in order to limit the hegemonic consequences of the judiciary’s obsession with freedom of contract and utopian rules, which fail in reality to further the ideal of justice. Paper presented at the Critical Legal Conference, 4 September 2004, London, UK. This paper is dedicated to the memory of the late Judge of Appeal, Mr. Justice P.J. Olivier. The paper is based on research conducted for the thesis in partial fulfilment of the degree LLD in the Faculty of Law at the University of Pretoria under the title ‘A critical legal argument for contractual justice in the South African law of contract.’ The degree supervisor is Professor Karin van Marle in the Department of Legal History, Comparative Law and Jurisprudence. The author wishes to thank the following persons for valuable deliberations and input: Karin van Marle, Graham Bradfield and Anashri Pillay. In addition, the author wishes to acknowledge and thank the University of Cape Town for financially supporting this research. †Paper presented at the Critical Legal Conference, 4 September 2004, London, UK. This paper is dedicated to the memory of the late Judge of Appeal, Mr. Justice P.J. Olivier. The paper is based on research conducted for the thesis in partial fulfilment of the degree LLD in the Faculty of Law at the University of Pretoria under the title ‘A critical legal argument for contractual justice in the South African law of contract.’ The degree supervisor is Professor Karin van Marle in the Department of Legal History, Comparative Law and Jurisprudence. The author wishes to thank the following persons for valuable deliberations and input: Karin van Marle, Graham Bradfield and Anashri Pillay. In addition, the author wishes to acknowledge and thank the University of Cape Town for financially supporting this research. apply relevant (constitutional) values directly to contractual disputes. The State is thus responsible for infusing contract law with contractual justice, by implementing legislation to this effect in order to limit the hegemonic consequences of the judiciary’s obsession with freedom of contract and utopian rules, which fail in reality to further the ideal of justice.     

陕西省家畜虱类的调查

虱类对家畜的危害是众所周知的,经调查,陕西省家畜的虱类隶属于 5科8属17种:①驴血虱Haematopinus asini;②猪血虱H.suis;③阔胸血 虱H.eurysternus;④瘤突血虱H.tuberculatus;⑤非洲颚虱Linognathus africanus;⑥牛颚虱L.vituli;⑦狭颚虱L.stenopsis;⑧毛管虱Solenopsescapillatus;⑨鸡短角羽虱Menopon gallinae;⑩草黄短角羽虱M.stramineus;⑾异形长羽虱Eipeurus heterographus;⑿阉鸡长羽虱L.caponis; ⒀鸡圆羽虱Goniocotes gallinae;⒁不同角羽虱Goniodes dissimilis; ⒂牛毛虱Damalinia bovis; ⒃马毛虱D.egui;⒄山羊毛虱D.caprae。文内附有以上17种畜虱的检索表。文内采用了近年来欧洲学者趋向于作为一个虱目Pht-hiraptera的分类意见,并对各种畜虱的中文译名提出了初步修订意见。     

信息语境下的侦查路径分析

社会分工条件下侦查主体面临着信息成本无限扩张与侦查能力相对有限之间的矛盾,社会变迁及科技发展为侦查主体加强对个体信息的渗透提供了无限可能,但这种可能性受到私权的严格限制。信息交易为侦查主体提供了一种新的低代价的信息获取渠道。     

对扬州市女职工维权状况的调查与思考

女职工在推进经济发展和社会进步中有着重大作用。随着市场经济的发展,女职工的素质有了明显的提高,同时也面临着严峻的挑战。工会组织应当在新的形势下,采取针对性的措施,维护好她们的合法权益。     

谈涉网犯罪——涉网犯罪案件剖析

涉网犯罪在刑事案件发案中所占比例呈上升趋势,利用网络为犯罪提供各种服务的刑事案件越来越普遍.文章结合各种形式的涉网犯罪,对涉网犯罪案件利用网络寻找犯罪对象、准备犯罪工具、联络同伙、实施犯罪、销赃等情况进行仔细剖析,帮助侦查人员了解涉网犯罪,发现犯罪与网络具有的联系,为研究涉网犯罪侦查提供思路.     

现代侦查权力的规制原则与我国侦查程序改革

现代侦查权力本质上是一种宪法权力,宪政的基本原理决定了宪法权力是一种受宪法和权利规制的权力。因此,现代法治国家均要求侦查权力依循宪法权力的内在理路而具有规范化、程序化、可救济性等特点。规范化要求强制侦查措施贯彻法定主义和令状主义;程序化追求控辩平等与独立的程序价值,体现为比例原则和辩护原则;可救济性要求侦查权力的程序性违法行为得到相应的实体性和程序性制裁。     

论侦查观念及其理论基础

宏观上的侦查观念主要包括侦查程序意识、侦查诉讼意识和侦查均衡意识。侦查程序意识的理论基础是侦查程序具有独立价值,即其本身应具有公正性、人道性等价值要求,侦查程序具有使侦查结果正当化的作用;侦查诉讼意识的理论基础是明确侦查是一项诉讼性认识活动,区别技术角度和诉讼角度,区分侦查与侦查程序、侦查程序与侦查策略、侦查的技术规则和侦查的程序规则等相关概念;侦查均衡意识的理论基础是侦查活动具有多元价值目标,应对发生冲突的价值目标进行均衡和抉择,当必须作出选择时,应以有利于实现维护法治利益和社会秩序这一根本目的为取舍标准。     

侦审阻断机制初探

为实现审判中心主义,必须抑制侦查对审判的影响,通过一定诉讼机制,实行侦审阻断。在我国刑事诉讼中,由于侦审阻断机制不健全,导致侦查中心主义,庭审流于形式化、走过场。应借鉴域外两大法系的做法,正确理解侦审阻断的概念与法理,完善我国侦审阻断机制。