论公证邮寄送达催收通知能否发生诉讼时效中断

实践中,债权人通过邮寄的方式,向债务人或者担保人进行邮寄送达催收,并依法给予公证的做法是比较常见的。但是,由于我国现行法律没有对该公证邮寄送达催收通知的法律效力作出较为明确的规定,因此,笔者依据我国现行的法律及其司法解释、结合我国司法实践中两种比较常见的学术观点,适用民事诉讼证据中高度盖然性的证明标准,对公证邮寄送达催收通知能否发生诉讼时效中断的效力问题进行相应论述。     

The problem of DNA contamination in forensic case work—How to get rid of unwanted DNA?

The PCR technique has become a powerful and very sensitive tool in a broad field of research, that is, molecular biology, medical diagnostics, population genetics, ancient DNA analysis and forensic casework.However, the high sensitivity down to single molecules can easily cause false-positive PCR results due to different types of contamination. In this study, artificial DNA contaminations (saliva and pure DNA) were treated with UV irradiation and other decontamination procedures. A satisfactory DNA removal could not be achieved, emphasizing the necessity of contamination avoidance.     

MIS‐MATCHED: TAKING A STATE APPROACH TO ENFORCING THE GROWING INTERNATIONAL MATCHMAKING INDUSTRY

Each year, hundreds of U.S. men and foreign women find their future spouses through international matchmaking agencies. Foreign women are attracted to the opportunity for a life in America and men are offered money‐back guarantees to find the perfect wife. An alarming number of these unions however, have resulted in the abuse, exploitation and even death of foreign women at the hands of their U.S. citizen husbands. While the federal International Marriage Broker Regulation Act requires disclosure of a male client's criminal background history prior to communicating with a potential foreign bride, the Act does not impose any requirements for disclosure of information about the international marriage brokers themselves. Thus the peddlers behind the rapidly growing industry are largely unaccounted for, with no one really knowing who they are or where they are operating. This Note proposes that states fill the enforcement gap by adopting a statute requiring international marriage brokers to register and become certified to do business with state residents. This legislation will result in collecting much needed data on international marriage brokers, create more transparency in the international matchmaking industry and prevent potential violence and abuse of foreign women.     

微波照射在衍生化反应中的应用

介绍了用微波照射技术快速制备吗啡、苯丙胺类的乙酰、三氟乙酰、五氟丙酰、七氟丁酰、MSTFA衍生物方法。常规加热方法制备这些衍生物需在60～70℃反应30min,而使用微波照射（~400W,仅需2～3min即可完成．二种方法所得的衍生物气相保留时间和质谱碎片相同．     

Effect of electron beam irradiation on forensic evidence. 2. Analysis of writing inks on porous surfaces

The effect of electron beam irradiation on a series of different writing inks is described. As the anthrax-tainted letters were discovered in October 2001, the U.S. government began to experiment with the use of the electron beam irradiation process for destroying such biological agents. Plans initially considered a large-scale countrywide use of this technology. However, over time the scope of this plan as well as the radiation dosage were reduced, especially when some adverse consequences to mailed items subjected to this process were observed. Little data existed at the time to characterize what level of damage might be expected to occur with common items sent through the mail. This was especially important to museums and other institutions that routinely ship valuable and historic items through the mail. Although the Smithsonian Institution initiated some studies of the effect of electron beam irradiation on archived materials, little data existed on the effect that this process would have on forensic evidence. Approximately 97 different black, blue, red, green, and yellow writing inks were selected. Writing ink types included ballpoint, gel, plastic/felt tip, and rollerball. All noncontrol samples were subjected to standard mail irradiation conditions used by the U.S. Postal Service at the time this experiment was performed. A video spectral comparator and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis were used to evaluate both the control and the irradiated samples. Some published studies reported changes in the presence/absence of dye bands in the chromatograms of irradiated writing inks. Some of these studies report the formation of additional dye bands on the chromatogram while others report missing dye bands. However, using standard testing guidelines and procedures, none of the 97 irradiated inks tested were found to show any significant optical or chemical differences from the control samples. In addition, random testing of some of the ink samples using a second solvent system did not reveal any changes. However, one control ink did show some minor changes in optical properties and dye characteristics over time (but not TLC) while the irradiated sample remained stable. Significant changes in the ultraviolet fluorescence characteristics of the irradiated paper samples themselves (not inks) were also observed.     

Gamma Irradiation as a Biological Decontaminant and Its Effect on Common Fingermark Detection Techniques and DNA Profiling

Abstract:  The use of disease-causing organisms and their toxins against the civilian population has defined bioterrorism and opened forensic science up to the challenges of processing contaminated evidence. This study sought to determine the use of gamma irradiation as an effective biological decontaminant and its effect on the recovery of latent fingermarks from both porous and nonporous items. Test items were contaminated with viable spores marked with latent prints and then decontaminated using a cobalt 60 gamma irradiator. Fingermark detection was the focus with standard methods including 1,2-indanedione, ninhydrin, diazafluoren-9-one, and physical developer used during this study. DNA recovery using 20% Chelex extraction and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was also explored. Gamma irradiation proved effective as a bacterial decontaminant with D -values ranging from 458 to 500 Gy for nonporous items and 797–808 Gy for porous ones. The results demonstrated the successful recovery of latent marks and DNA establishing gamma irradiation as a viable decontamination option.     

电子邮件的调查与取证

电子邮件已经成为网民最常使用的网络服务。在大多数计算机犯罪案件中都涉及电子邮件的调查和取证。检查电子邮件需要注意其传输原理和编码的特殊性,取证人员需要掌握相应的取证技巧和技术。     

The future of political campaigning: the American example

The Internet will provide a way to force direct democracy to the fore, replacing many of the prerogatives now reserved for representative democracy. This is especially true in Europe where the continental integration of the economy has not been matched by integrated political democracy. Lobbying in the UK will become less relevant as the EU comes to predominate. Lobbying in the future will have to be directed downward — to mobilise the public — rather than upward, attempting to influence the Parliament. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications.     

紫外线照射对牛孤雌激活卵母细胞和体细胞核移植胚胎体外发育的影响

分析了紫外线 (ultraviolet,UV)照射对牛孤雌激活卵母细胞和体细胞核移植胚胎卵裂和体外发育的影响。结果发现 ,经UV照射 2 0s和 40s的卵母细胞孤雌激活后的卵裂率和囊胚发育率都极显著低于UV照射 0s和 1 0s的卵母细胞 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,表明UV照射卵母细胞超过 2 0s降低了孤雌激活胚胎的卵裂和体外发育潜力。核移植中UV照射卵母细胞 2 0s后 ,重组胚的卵裂率极显著低于卵母细胞照射 0s和 1 0s时所构建的重组胚 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,但囊胚发育率无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;而UV照射卵母细胞 40s时 ,所构建的重组胚的卵裂率和囊胚发育率都明显低于其他各组 ,表明超过 2 0s的UV照射显著降低了重组胚的卵裂和体外发育潜力。研究结果表明 ,核移植中用UV指导卵母细胞去核时UV照射时间应控制在 2 0s以内 ,UV照射 1 0s对核移植胚胎的发育不产生任何负面影响     

浅析电子邮件的安全防范

电子邮件是Internet上使用最为频繁和广范的服务 ,在给人们带来便利的同时 ,亦带来令人担忧的邮件安全问题。邮件被泄露、篡改和假冒的事件时有发生 ,给社会、单位和个人都造成了不同程度的损失。应防患于未然 ,采取有效的安全防范措施 ,牢牢把握网上邮件安全的主动权