目击证人错误辨认风险的司法防范——以美国新泽西州的司法实践为借鉴

在美国新泽西州的刑事诉讼实践中,通过与心理学研究之间的密切互动,形成了一个对辨认组织、执行规范,辨认结果使用规范为一体的错误辨认风险司法防范措施体系,较好地防止了错误辨认结果被采纳从而酿成错案的风险。2012年修正后的中国刑事诉讼法首次将辨认笔录作为一种独立的证据种类予以规定,但本法对于辨认的组织、执行、辨认笔录的质证等缺乏相应的规定。《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则》、《公安机关办理刑事案件程序规定》对辨认准备、执行的规定不仅简略、粗糙,而且相互冲突。从提高辨认结果可靠性的角度考虑,可以借鉴新泽西州目击证人辨认规则与实践变迁的历史和经验,吸收心理学研究的最新成果,以进一步完善中国刑事诉讼中的辨认规则。     

Suicide associated with the Antichrist delusion

The Antichrist delusion is a relatively infrequently observed religious delusion. Some cases of the Antichrist delusion have been associated with violence toward others. The aim of this article is to document a case of suicide secondary to the delusion. At age 17 a woman with no history of mental illness developed the belief that she was the Antichrist. For several years she did not discuss this with anyone and functioned appropriately in society. Then, at age 32, after the birth of her first child, her delusion intensified and she ultimately committed suicide to protect others from the harm she felt she was destined to cause them. The Antichrist delusion as a misidentification state may involve danger to a patient who harbors the delusion, as well as to other individuals.