甲基苯丙胺稀土荧光试纸条的研制

目的建立一种检测尿液中甲基苯丙胺物质的高灵敏度检测方法。方法以稀土荧光纳米颗粒为标记物,采用反应杯+试纸条的反应模式,建立了免疫层析法,用于尿液中甲基苯丙胺的定性检测。结果用所制备的试纸条检测尿液中的甲基苯丙胺,肉眼和仪器判读的敏性均为100ppb,与吗啡、亚甲二氧基苯丙胺、氯胺酮、苯丙酮、可卡因等无交叉反应;将制备的反应杯和试纸条置于37℃7d,试纸条的性能没有明显降低。结论本研究建立的甲基苯丙胺免疫层析法用于定性检测尿液中的甲基苯丙胺,具有较高的灵敏性和较高的应用价值。     

氢氧化铝纳米颗粒对鸡新城疫抗原的免疫佐剂效应

以新城疫病毒为抗原,制备纳米氢氧化铝和常规氢氧化铝佐剂灭活疫苗,分别免疫20日龄雏鸡,比较了免疫后2～24 d的抗体效价和外周血淋巴细胞CD4、CD8分子mRNA的表达水平。结果显示,纳米氢氧化铝佐剂组抗体效价在免疫后第10 d达到峰值,为6.67±0.58,免疫保护期超过9 d,常规氢氧化铝佐剂组抗体效价在免疫后第10 d达到峰值,为4.33±0.58,免疫保护期小于7 d;与常规氢氧化铝佐剂组相比,纳米氢氧化铝佐剂组免疫后4～17 d的CD4以及10～17 d的CD8分子mRNA的表达水平显著提高,在峰值时后者的表达量为前者的2.0和1.9倍。结果表明,纳米氢氧化铝佐剂能辅佐鸡体产生比常规氢氧化铝佐剂更强烈的体液免疫和细胞免疫。     

Toner Particles as Forensic Evidence: Microanalytical Characterization of Known Toner and Recognition of Toner in Environmental Samples*†‡

Modern printing toners represent a prime example of subvisible particles that can be easily transferred to hands, clothing, and other surfaces. To explore the potential evidentiary value of toner particles, toner samples were collected from known printer cartridges and characterized by various microanalytical techniques to establish the properties most useful for recognition, identification, and comparison. Environmental samples (i.e., dust) were then collected from various locations at varying distances from toner-based printers, using both tape lifts and carbon adhesive stubs, to assess the possibility of detecting toner. By light microscopy, toner can be recognized on the basis of particle size and shape, as well as color. Further examination of the micromorphology in the field emission scanning electron microscope reveals characteristic morphologies and differences in surface texture and shape among toner sources. Raman spectroscopy provides chemical identification of the pigment (or pigment class) and, in some cases, also permits identification of the polymer component. While black and blue pigment chemistry remained constant among toner varieties that were studied (copper phthalocyanine and carbon black), variation in yellow and magenta pigments was observed. Analysis of dust samples collected from various environments demonstrated that while toner is consistently detectable in close proximity to printers (within 2 feet), it also can be detected in dust collected in nearby rooms. This research demonstrates that toner particles can be located, characterized, and discriminated, using a suite of microanalytical methods that are applicable to forensic casework.     

The Analysis of 3D Printer Dust for Forensic Applications,,

3D printers are becoming increasingly efficient and economical, and thus more widespread and easily accessible to consumers and businesses. They have been used to print nefarious objects such as guns and suppressors. Previous research has documented the release of dust particles during the printing process; however, little has been written about the morphology and chemical features that define the dust emitted by these printers. This study was undertaken to recover, analyze, and identify the dust produced during the printing process in the context of forensic trace evidence analysis. Samples were collected from a variety of 3D fused deposition modeler printers, representing both consumer and commercial grade models. This work focused on printers that use thermoplastic filaments composed of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polylactic acid (PLA), two of the most commonly used filament polymers. Swabs were used to collect dust within the printer chamber and then processed to isolate the dust particles. Particles produced from ABS filaments are most easily recognized via light microscopy through a combination of color, morphology, and fluorescence. The composition of these particles can be confirmed through analysis by either FTIR or Raman microspectroscopy. These methods can also be used to identify ABS fillers and pigments within the printer dust particles. In contrast, dust from PLA printers consistently contained finer, submicron-sized particles that could be observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Because the size of the particles precludes their identification using vibrational spectroscopy methods, pyrolysis-GC-MS was used to confirm the presence of PLA.     

Fingermark detection based on the in situ growth of luminescent nanoparticles--towards a new generation of multimetal deposition

The in situ deposition of zinc oxide on gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution has been here successfully applied in the field of fingermark detection on various non-porous surfaces. In this article, we present the improvement of the multimetal deposition, an existing technique limited up to now to non-luminescent results, by obtaining luminescent fingermarks with very good contrast and details. This is seen as a major improvement in the field in terms of selectivity and sensitivity of detection, especially on black surfaces.     

纳米材料在潜指纹显现中的应用

本文综述了纳米材料以均匀分散的液体或粉末形式在法庭科学潜指纹显现领域的研究现状,重点阐述了金属纳米材料、金属氧化物纳米材料及半导体纳米材料显现多种遗留客体上不同状况的潜指纹,并对纳米材料在法庭科学领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

A Novel Forensic Investigation Applied to Bone Remains Exhumed near to Quirra Interforce Firing Range

The need to implement novel techniques, able to support a causal link between exposure and pathology, has been emerged over the recent years. The application of scanning electron microscope coupled with probe X‐ray microanalysis (by means of an energy‐dispersive spectroscopy) has been developed by our research group for the bone remains investigation. It was aimed to testify the exposure to microsized and nanosized pollutions, due to military activities in the Quirra interforce firing range, of a Sardinian shepherd, died of acute leukemia. Metallic debris with a combustive morphology and with an oncogenic potential has been surely detected inside his bone marrow canal. This novel technique has proved to be able to bring to light a source of past exposure preserved over time within the bone marrow canal. It can be useful for postmortem analyses, delivering a new avant‐garde approach to modern forensic science.     

Evaluation of Nile Red‐Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Developing Water‐Soaked Fingerprints on Thermal Paper

Nile red has been an alternative reagent for detecting latent fingerprints on wetted substrates. However, the presence of methanol in nile red solution could make injury to handlers and destroy the traces on surfaces, such as texts on thermal papers. A novel small particle reagent formulation constituting of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) based on nile red was prepared to overcome the problem. Compared with the conventional reagents Oil Red O or nile red solution, the nile red‐loaded MSNs are highly selective to lipid residues of fingerprints and showed a greater ability to develop clear, sharp, and detailed fingerprints on thermal papers after these were immersed in water. In addition, it can retain texts on the thermal papers well and use only water as a solvent. These suggested that nile red‐loaded MSNs are a safe, efficient, and convenient method to develop latent fingerprints on wide range of substrates of forensic importance.